Additive Manufacturing

Which of the following are the process in RP cycle?

It is the sum of the total manufacturing costs plus the beginning work in process less the ending work in process.

• Cost of goods manufactured

Who is considered the father of the assembly line?

• Henry Ford

Aerosol preparations are used to treat problems with the following, EXCEPT:

• GIT
• Vaginal
• Respiratory
• Dermal

UPC is when computers are used to control machines.

• True
• False

2013 to Till date the Rapid Prototyping based product widely used in ____________________ application

A type of business that is engaged in buying and selling goods by changing the form of the product through a certain conversion process.

• Merchandising
• Manufacturing
• Service
• Finance
• Infrastructure

The equipment/method that can provide the shortest drying time for wet granulations

• Sun drying
• Fluid bed dryer
• Oven dryer
• Incubator

A(n) ____________ is an organized way of achieving a goal.

• system

The following are considered as sterile products, EXCEPT:

• Syrups
• Irrigating solutions
• Dialysates
• Ophthalmic preparations

Materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility (1 word only)

• Goods

UV-curable resins which are formulated from photo initiators and reactive liquid monomers.

• Photo-polymerization
• Stereo lithography
• Ionography process
• Electrostatic process

Processes in which we turn standard stock into finished products is called... (first word only)

• secondary

CAD creates the blueprint for the product.

• True
• False

The following are mechanisms of disintegrant action, EXCEPT:

• Swelling
• Air displacement
• Effervescence
• All of the choices

Support structures are required for ______.

• overhanging portions
• thin portions
• Thick portions
• All of the above

Products which need to be sterile and pyrogen-free, EXCEPT:

• Otic solutions
• Ophthalmic solutions
• Irrigating solutions
• Injectables

Why should bacteriostatic water for injection be used at a maximum of 5 ml only?

• It contains high conc of preservative
• It is not pyrogen-free
• It does not guarantee prevention of contamination
• It does not contain a preservative

Products made with no interruption in the production line. Goods are being created 24/7, all day every day.

• Custom Manufacturing
• Batch Manufacturing
• Continuous Manufacturing
• Assembly Line

_____ deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications.

• Fused

Products are mass produced in customized production.

• True
• False

__________ is the process of tiling a surface with one or more geometric shapes such that there are no overlaps or gaps.

• tessellation

The best method to compress two ingredients which are chemically incompatible with each other

• Direct compression
• Layered compression
• Dry granulation
• Wet granulation

The following are considered as tablets for solution, EXCEPT:

• Effervescent tablet
• Hypodermic tablet
• None of the choices
• Sublingual tablet

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Which is done to prevent sedimentation in preparing ointments using heat?

• Continuous stirring while cooling
• Pre-dissolution
• Allowing the preparation to stand while cooling
• Levigation

Insulin preparations are usually administered by

• SQ
• IM
• ID
• IV

Colors and dyes in tablet formulations serve these purposes , EXCEPT:

• To disguise off-colored drugs
• To disguise unpleasant-tasting drugs
• To provide product identification
• To produce more elegant products

Is the process where a raw material is reshaped to form the desired part

• Casting
• Forming
• Machining
• Joining

Precise or controlled removal of the raw material, usually with a drill, chisel, or saw blade to reveal the products desired shape.

• Joining
• Machining
• Forming
• Casting

Producing high-quality goods at the lowest possible cost is the focus of _________ manufacturing.

• Lean

The process of making goods.

• Engineering Design Process
• Joining
• Manufacturing
• Machining

A computing device that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as one of its most important component.

• Operating Systems
• Embedded Systems
• Application System
• Networked Systems

In the system model (box diagram) the materials that are used to make the product are called the ____________.

_____ was defined by Charles W. Hull as a "system for generating threedimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed"

• Stereolithography

An inert gas that is usually incorporated into an ampule to prevent API oxidation

• Nitrogen
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Ethylene oxide

Aerosol component which supplies the necessary force to expel the product from the package

• Propellant
• Actuator
• Valve
• API concentrate

Antiperspirants retard perspiration because their active ingredients have ____ properties

• Astringent
• Hygroscopic
• Antibacterial
• Moisturizing

Is a developer-focused community where users can ask and answer questions.

• Stack Overflow
• Facebook
• Github
• Microsoft Forums

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Capping is the unequal distribution of color on the surface of the tablet.

• True
• False

Type of tablet not requiring disntegration testing

• Chewable tablet
• Sugar-coated tablet
• Enteric-coated tablet
• Modified-release tablet

_Select few benefits of Rapid Prototyping

The use of too much binder will adversely affect

• Bioavailability
• Disintegration time
• Dissolution rate
• All of the choices

Process of converting STL file model in to layers is

• Chopping
• Slicing
• Cutting
• Trimming

Why is it not necessary for single dose parenteral preparations to carry preservatives?

• There is no danger of contamination
• Single-dose powders for reconstitution are already sterilized
• It does not guarantee prevention of contamination
• It is not pyrogen-free

A manufacturer attempting to meet the demand for a Christmas tree would probably use

• Job-lot production
• Custom production
• Occasional production
• Handcraft production

It is the cost of products that have been completed and are waiting to be sold to customers.

• Finished goods
• Work in process
• Cost of goods sold
• Raw materials
• Manufacturing cost

The following are the starting material of the Additive Rapid Prototyping process, EXCEPT...

• Powder
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Factors that can be manipulated to compress or liquefy gases, EXCEPT:

• Vapor pressure
• Temperature
• Volume
• Boiling point

Composed of 2 security doors that can't be opened at the same time

• Air-lock system
• HEPA filter
• Positive pressure cubicle
• HVAC

Which is the correct order of the Product Life Cycle

• Acquisition, distribution, disposal, processing, manufacturing, design, packaging, use
• Use, packaging, design, manufacturing, processing, disposal, distribution, acquisition
• Design, acquisition, processing, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, disposal
• Acquisition, design, manufacturing, processing, packaging, distribution, use, disposal

Find the next process

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• None of the above

The starting material of the Stereolithography method is....

• Solid
• Liquid
• Powder
• Gas

The process of bring together two materials using some type of adhesive or fastener.

• Forming
• Joining
• Casting
• Machining

Examples of primary packaging component, EXCEPT:

• Ampules
• Bottles
• Package boxes
• Vials

The length of time that a drug is within the required specification is defined as

• Stability
• Beyond use date
• Shelf life
• Expiration date

Which of the following is not a source of pyrogens in parenterals?

• Freshly distilled water
• Equipment
• Container
• API

Products like cakes and cruise ships are made with ________ production.

Using Manufacturing Processes to remove materials from goods as they are created.

• Forming
• Interchangeable Parts
• Subtractive Manufacturing
• Additive Manufacturing

Blows pre-filtered air to a controlled area to sweep off contaminants.

• HEPA filter
• HVAC
• Air-lock system
• Positive pressure cubicle

Workers and machines make one part of the product and pass it on to another person who adds onto the creation.

• Assembly Line
• Batch Manufacturing
• Custom Manufacturing
• Continuous Manufacturing

The part of the tablet machine used for compacting the materials

• Dies
• Feed frame
• Punches
• Cam

List few inputs of Rapid Prototyping

Exactly the right number of parts are kept in the factory and are ordered or scheduled to come in only when more are needed

• Combining
• Manufacturing
• Just-In-Time Inventory
• Separating
• Work Cell

working cooperatively with a team in a small area

• PLCs
• Subsystem
• Separating
• Work Cell
• Combining

Statement -1 : Most liquid-based rapid prototyping systems build parts in a vat of photo-curable liquid resin, an organic resin.

• Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is False
• Statement-1 is False and Statement-2 is True
• Both statements are true
• Both statements are false

The following are examples of non-aqeous parenteral vehicles, EXCEPT:

• Magnesium stearate
• Glycerin
• Polyethylene glycols
• Fixed vegetable oils

An 8 step process or method that is used to solve technological challenges to change and improve products for the way we live.

• Industrial Revolution
• Manufacturing
• Engineering Design Process
• Assembly Line

___ refers to all the costs of producing the goods that cannot be classified as direct materials or direct labor costs.

• Manufacturing overhead

___ refers to the salaries of workers producing the product.

• Direct labor

____ is a vegetable dye, used for centuries to impart a red tint to the hair

• Henna
• Zirconium
• Coal tar dyes
• Azo dyes

The following is a reason for sieving:

• To reduce agglomerates
• Prevent stratification
• For uniformity of particle size
• All of the choices

What is the format for prototyping machine file?

• .prt
• .slt
• .stl
• .iges

The action that creates products is called the process.

• True
• False

_Select any one Liquid type RP from following.

• SLS
• LOM
• SGC
• FDM

Putting two materials together into one

• Subsystem
• Work Cell
• Separating
• Manufacturing
• Combining

Consist of one or more sterile drugs added to an IV fluid

• IV admixture
• Dialysate
• Irrigating solutions
• Electrolytes

Processes in which we turn raw materials into standard stock.

• Secondary Process
• Machining
• Subtractive Manufacturing
• Primary Process

Common uses of LVP solutions without additives include the following, EXCEPT:

• Therapeutic agent
• Correction of electrolyte and fluid balance disturbances
• Nutrition
• Vehicle for administering other drugs

Polymers used in Fused deposition modeling EXCEPT

• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Polycarbonate (PC)
• Polylactic Acid (PLA)
• Granular Pellets (PC)

_Select the next process in SGC method:

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Creating identical or nearly identical parts to be mass produced. These parts can then be put together to form a product.

• Forming
• Additive Manufacturing
• Interchangeable Parts
• Subtractive Manufacturing

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Added substance for multiple-dose parenterals

• All of the above
• Antioxidants
• Antimicrobials
• Buffers

Which process is not a Powdered based Rapid Prototyping

• SLS
• EBM
• MJS
• Micro-fabrication

Which of the following is the process of pre-processing stage?

• Remove support
• Checking 3D CAD data
• De-powdering loose material
• Dip in binder to strengthen the part

The following are methods of sterilization, EXCEPT;

• Use of antimicrobials
• Dry heat sterilization
• Ionizing radiation
• Filtration

Disintegration is required as a QC test for tablets because it determines ability of the tablet to be dissolved

• True
• False

Automatic factories are where ____________ do all the work.

A smaller system inside a larger system

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Technology
• Work Cell

A necessary component particularly for multiple dose parenterals.

• Antimicrobials
• Antioxidants
• Buffers
• Tonicity adjusters

____________________ processes change raw materials into industrial materials.

• Primary

Starch can be a diluent a binder and a disintegrator

• True
• False

Box 2 is the

• Process

The ability of a formulation to remain within its physical, chemical, therapeutic and toxicological specification is termed

• Stability
• Shelf life
• Expiration date
• Beyond use date

Products made in groups, where the components of a product are traditionally completed at one station before moving to the next station.

• Continuous Manufacturing
• Custom Manufacturing
• Assembly Line
• Batch Manufacturing

Which one of the process is subtractive prototyping?

• 5 axis CNC Milling
• Fused Deposition Modeling
• Digital Light Process (DLP)
• Stereolithography Apparatus

Cutting materials to size and shape

• Work Cell
• Separating
• Just-In-Time Inventory
• Manufacturing
• Combining

The following affect significantly the disintegration time of tablets, EXCEPT:

• Diluent
• Binder
• Disintegrant
• Lubricant

Poor flow of the tablet granules may result in incompletely filled dies resulting to thickness variation

• True
• False

Which of the process, the input material are in Liquid form?

Is the process of removing areas of copper from a sheet of printed circuit board material to recreate the pads, signal traces and structures according to patterns from a digital circuit board plan known as a layout file.

• Milling
• Manual
• Transfer
• Printing

What is the purpose of using melting wax in SGC Rapid prototype process_________

• As support material
• As liquid resin
• As cavity filling material
• All the above

List few disadvantages of SLA

The bioavailability of the drug is dependent on tablet

• Hardness
• Dissolution
• Thickness
• Weight

The goal is to test and validate ideas before sharing them with stakeholders and eventually passing the final designs to engineering teams for the development process.

• Prototyping
• Designing
• Analysis
• Revision

Enteric coated tablets resist the action of gastric juices but disintegrate in the intestine.

• True
• False

It is the cost of products being processed and not yet completed at end of period.

• Finished goods
• Work in process
• Raw materials
• Factory overhead
• Supplies

Box 1 is the

• input

Before this historical event we mainly created good by hand, and after by machine/factory.

• Industrial Revolution
• Manufacturing
• Engineering Design Process
• Assembly Line

When people use their knowledge to extend their abilities, satisfy their wants and needs and solve problems

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Technology
• Manufacturing

Changing materials into consumable products

• Technology
• Subsystem
• PLCs
• Manufacturing
• Quality Assurance

Classifications of Embedded Systems EXCEPT

• Stand-alone
• Mobile
• Manual
• Networked

Checking products to make sure they meet all the specifications and plans

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Technology
• Work Cell

This account is used to summarize the cost of direct materials, direct labor and factory overhead incurred in producing the goods.

• Manufacturing costs
• Manufacturing overhead
• Cost of goods manufactured
• Cost of goods sold

A form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material

• PCB Milling
• 2D Printing
• Software Prototyping
• 3D Printing

Secondary processes turn industrial materials into ______.

What is Rapid Prototyping?

• The process by which a model of the final product can quickly be made
• Changing the design of something after production has already begun
• When companies or teams are working on multiple aspects of the same design at one time
• Designing something while competing against other departments

_Select any two aspects of Prototype model

The reason why surfactant is used in the non-aqueous film coat

• To prevent mottling
• To prevent bridging
• To quicken spreading of the coat before complete evaporation occurs
• To make the solvent evaporation slow

Which of the following is not subtractive process?

• Milling
• Stereo-lithography
• Sawing
• EDM

State the statement is True or False: The main purpose of the STL file format is to encode the surface geometry of a 3D object.

• True

Which Rapid Prototyping process uses Photo-sensitive liquid as starting material.

• Laminated Object Manufacturing
• Stereolithography
• _Selective Laser Sintering
• CNC

Designed using an 8-bit or 16-bit micro-controller. They can be powered by a battery. The processor uses very less/limited resources of memory and processing speed.

• Small Scale Embedded Systems
• Medium Scale Embedded Systems
• Complex Scale Embedded Systems
• Tiny Scale Embedded Systems

A SL machine consists of a build platform (substrate) which is mounted in a vat of resin ___________ type laser is used.

Using complete sentences, explain what ethics is and why ethics in engineering is important. How does it affects the manufacturing processes of a specific good.

The following are advantages of aerosols as dosage forms, EXCEPT:

• Inexpensive
• Easy application
• Fine particle size
• Freedom from contamination

Which of the following would not play a part in designing for manufacturability?

• Getting rid of employees to increase profit
• Fitting a product into a factory that already exists
• Using materials that are easily available
• Using materials that can be recycled

STL file converts curved surfaces into_______.

• Polygons
• Lines
• Surfaces
• Non of the above

3D Printing; the process of making a part from a digital model by adding material in layers

• Interchangeable Parts
• Subtractive Manufacturing
• Forming
• Additive Manufacturing

The part of sugar coating process employed to round off tablet contours

• Polishing
• Subcoating
• Sealing
• Finishing

The usual administration site for spinal anesthesia

• Intrathecal
• Epidural
• Vertebral
• MOM

Process: CAD model ---> stl file format ---> Transfer to machine ---> ___________?__________

• Post process
• Build
• Machine setup
• Remove

Box 4 is the

• Process

How was the Quiz questions level of difficulty (1-Very Easy, 2- Easy, 3- Average, 4- Difficult, 5- Very Difficult)

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The separation of the tablet into 2 or more layers

• Picking
• Mottling
• Capping
• Lamination

Is when a liquid material is poured into a mold, which represents a hollow version of the part.

• Forming
• Joining
• Machining
• Casting

Drugs with narrow therapeutic index do not require geometric dilution once added with diluents

• True
• False

There should be a balance between the amounts of the binder and the lubricant considering the tablet's release characteristics and maintenance of integrity during handling.

• True
• False

Workers helping to solve problems to help make the product better is an example of

• An automated factory
• Just-in-time manufacturing
• Rapid manufacturing
• Continuous improvement

small computers that control individual machines on assembly lines

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Work Cell
• Just-In-Time Inventory

The following are examples of small-volume parenterals, EXCEPT:

• Dialysate
• Ampules
• Vials
• Pre-filled syringes

Box 3 is the

• output

Modifying a product to suit an individual, task, or need.

• Assembly Line
• Continuous Manufacturing
• Batch Manufacturing
• Custom Manufacturing

The inert substance used to increase the bulk of the tablet

• Diluent
• Binder
• Glidant
• Granulator

Glidants are substances that glue powders together and cause them to form granules

• True
• False