Linguistics

In the twentieth century, linguists interested in comparing languages in a new kind of discipline in which the structures of two present-day languages were compared. This was the birth of the discipline which is now termed:

• Comparative linguistics
• Contrastive linguistics
• Comparative philology

Prakash bunked class to go to a movie. The next day when his teacher asked him why he had been absent, Prakash replied that he had been sick and had to go to the doctor. Prakash is able to speak of a non existent illness because language is

• arbitrary
• displaced
• discrete
• productive

What allows the speaker the potentials to understand and produce utterances?

• Language Competence
• Language Performance
• Knowledge
• Speech Error

It is concerned with constructing theories of language or languages, or with developing linguistic theory.

• Theoretical linguistics
• Applied linguistics
• Descriptive linguistics
• Computational linguistics

Bees use the ____________ dance to communicate among themselves.

• waggle

What is phonetics?

• the scientific study of human language sounds

Which of the following statement is true about the fricative consonant sound /h/?

• /h/ is produced by forcing air through the throat or glottal part of the mouth.
• /h/ is voiceless and is usually found at the beginning of a word.
• /h/ is always followed by a vowel sound.
• All of the above

According to the vowel length rule, which consonant groups below would require a preceding vowel to be lengthened?

• /p, t, k/
• /b, d, g/
• /f, θ, s, ʃ/
• All of the above

The classic fallacy in the study of languages refers to:

• The priority given by linguists to the study and analysis of oral language overthe written language
• The priority of the written language over the oral; priority given,mainly by the Alexandrians in their desire to preserve the purity of the languagegreek.
• The characteristics that are common to all languages
• The ancient classical features that allow the individual characterization of languages

what is stable bilinguialism?

• when L1 is more important than L2
• when L1 and L2 are complementary
• when L2 is predominant
• when we don't learn an L2

Alto es un tipo de adjetivo...

• calificativo

It examines the diversity of language structures and use in the languages of the world – in other words, we examine and develop linguistic theory on a comparative basis.

• Sociolinguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Neurolinguistics
• General linguistics

The origin of the language is linked to the origin of?

• Pedagogy
• Religion
• History
• Agriculture

Typical statement begins with a subject, followed by a verb and, where applicable, an object of that verb.

• ENGLISH
• SPANISH
• BOTH
• NONE

Which of the following interdental sounds /θ, ð/ is true?

• /ð/ is voiced and is pronounced with less force than /θ/
• /ð/ is found in very few English words but are commonly used owing to its use in function words: the, this, that.
• /θ/ is produced with a soft, voiceless sound often at the beginning of words, such as "theater."
• All of the above statements are true.

the speaker create intonation phrases (IP) to be fluent. This sentence belongs to...

• Tone
• Tonicity
• Tonality
• Tenaciuos D

It is the ability of native speakers to create and understand grammatical sentences, to detect deviant and ungrammatical sentences, and to make other linguistic judgments about utterance in their language.

• Language Competence
• Language Performance
• Speech Error
• Both A and B

Plato was famous for the distinctions between:

• Three genres
• Verbs and nouns
• Singular and plurals
• Categories of the speech

The three genres: masculine, feminine and intermediate, were credited to :

• Plato
• Aristotle
• Protagoras
• Socrates

The narrow transcription of IPA is the transcription without diacritics.

• True
• False

We can also use the upper teeth with the lower lip for _________ sounds. This is how we make an f sound.

• Uvular
• Labiodental
• Velar
• Nasal

Julius Caesar, Duke of Normandy, invades and conquers England in 1066.

• True
• False

It is the study of the meaning of words and phrases.

• Phonetics
• Syntax
• Linguistics
• Semantics

a+p+l = applea+p+l = applea+p+l = apple Apple (subject) + is a fruit (predicate) = Apple is a fruit. (Sentence)Apple left(subjectright) + is a fruit left(predicateright) = Apple is a fruit. left(Sentenceright)Apple (subject) + is a fruit (predicate) = Apple is a fruit. (Sentence) This illustrates _____________ feature of language.

• discreteness
• arbitrariness
• displacement
• duality

According to linguists, the best language in the world is _________________

• English
• Tamil
• Sanskrit
• All

What does 'Place' of articulation mean?

At the top of the throat is the opening to the nasal passages called the ___________.

• nasopharynx

Speech Error is a voluntary deviations from what we wish to say.

• True
• False
• Sometimes

The /f, v/ fricative sounds are formed in which part of the mouth?

• Bilabial (top and bottom lips)
• Labiodental (teeth and lips)
• InterDental (tongue and teeth)
• Alfeolar (Gum Ridge)
• Hard Palate
• Velar (soft palate)

Which is false?

• Acoustics Ph. is the study of the physical properties of speech
• Articulatory Ph. looks at the interaction of different vocal organs to produce particular sounds
• Auditory Ph. refers to how the speaker perceives their own voice

[e][i] are monophthongs, [ei] [au] are dipthongs.

• True
• False

Philosophers that claimed that there are irregularities in the formations of some words of which analogical reasoning is of no avail, were called Anomalist.

• True
• False

What is IPA? (International Phonetic Alphabet)

Regarding the Tone which ones are part of the feature

The word "Bratru" in Sanskrit is closely related to

Linguistic knowledge, for the most part, is a conscious knowledge.

• True
• False
• Depends on the learner

The vocal cords can be tightened and loosened and can vibrate when air is past them, creating sounds called ________. Examples include the consonants b, d, g, v, z, and r.

• voiced

Next, we have the larynx or voice box. It sits at the juncture of the __________ or windpipe coming up from the lungs and esophagus coming up from the stomach.

• trachea

The allophones of [l] are clear [l], dark [l] and ______[l].

• dental

Bees buzz, snakes hiss, cows moo, cats meow.The highlighted words are all examples of ____________________

• onomatopoeia

Linguistics concerns itself with the study of a. a particular language b. language as a communication system

• both
• neither
• only a.
• only b.

Identify this man , The group of linguists who studied about him belonged to

• Phineas Flynn, Psycholinguistics
• Phineas Gage, Neurolinguistics
• Phineas Fletcher, Anthropological linguistics
• Phineas B Gage, Forensic linguistics

Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1660.

• True
• False

What is the difference between a vowel and consonant?

The set of rules that govern the structure of phrases and sentences is called:

• phonetics
• morphology
• syntax
• sociolinguistics

The French classes are really interesting to me! (FRENCH) is an adjective classified as:

• PROPER

This dress is beautifuñl. (THIS) is an adjective classified as:

• Interrogative
• Limiting
• Compound

What are the manners of articulation?

__________ are words that are pronounced in the same way but have a different meaning.

• homonyms

The branch of linguistics dealing with the relationship between language and the structure and functioning of the brain. It addresses the question: how is linguistic knowledge represented in the brain?

• Sociolinguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Neurolinguistics
• General linguistics

What is semantics?

• The study of meaning
• The study of the creation of words
• The study of the sound
• The study of how words combine each other

The rules governing the phonological patterning is language-specific.

• True
• False

The English language begins with the Anglo-Saxons.

• True
• False

Identify the language variety

• East-Midland dialect
• Cockney dialect
• Provencal French
• Norman French

Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. What do we call these sounds?

• Morphemes
• Phonemes
• Syntax
• Lexicology

It investigates the form and function of language, applying theoretical approaches to the analysis of descriptive and sociolinguistic data.

• Theoretical linguistics
• Applied linguistics
• Descriptive linguistics
• Computational linguistics

The study of interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects is called :

• Psycho linguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Neurolinguistics
• Comparitive Linguistics

Globalization, how many morpheme that include in that word?

• 3
• 2
• 1
• 4

The /θ, ð/ fricative sounds are formed in which part of the mouth?

• Bilabial (top and bottom lips)
• Labiodental (teeth and lips)
• InterDental (tongue and teeth)
• Alfeolar (Gum Ridge)
• Hard Palate
• Velar (soft palate)

The Babylonian traditions dates from

• First millennium before Christ
• Two centuries before Christ
• One century before Christ
• Two millenniums before Christ

"it modifies itself according to sociocultural and geographic context" this sentence refers to:

• Language
• Dialect

Write the missing word: Jakobson’s model of communications involves these elements: sender – context /....... /channel /code – receiver

• message

According to the history of linguistics, it is probably that languages were originated in?

• Italy
• Greece
• Rome
• Anatolia, a large peninsula in Western Asia

The study of how context contributes to meaning is called:

• phonology
• pragmatics
• historical linguistics
• semantics

To what concept did Noam Chomsky regard the relationship of competence and performance?

• form and substance
• part to whole
• form and part
• substance and whole

What are the properties of the last sound in the word, 'sing'?

• Velar, nasal, voiced
• Velar, stop, voiceless
• Glottal, fricative, voiceless

Nationalization, how many morpheme include in that word?

• 3
• 4
• 2
• 1

We also have two names for the parts of the tongue used with these various parts of the mouth: The front edge is called the _______ and sounds like t, th, and s are made with this.

• Corona
• Dorsum
• Labiodental
• Dental

Other phonemes do not involve the vocal cords, and there is no vibration, such as the consonants h, t, s, p, k, l, and f is called [Blank]__.

• unvoiced

It has few changes in verb forms

• ENGLISH

What are the properties of the first letter of the word, 'teeth'?

• Alveolar, stop, voiced
• Labiodental, fricative, voiced
• Alveolar, stop, voiceless
• Labiodental, fricative, voiceless

Linguistics is the ___________ study of language.

• social
• subjective
• scientific
• traditional

Modifies verb endings to indicate person, mood, and tense

• spanish

English is a tone language

• True
• False

Which of the following statements is true about the fricative consonants /ʃ, ʒ/?

• Both consonants are produced with the front tongue at the hard palate
• /ʃ/ is voiceless and is found in the following words: nation, machine, ocean, shoe.
• /ʒ/ is voiced and is found in the following words: garage, measure
• /ʃ/ is commonly mispronounced /tʃ/ as in "cheese" or /s/ as in "sit."
• All of the statements are true.

¿En qué tiempo se encuentra esta oración? Lucy baila muy bonito.

• Presente de indicativo
• Presente de subjuntivo

The study of words and how they are formed is called:

• morphology
• semantics
• neurolinguistics
• language pedagogy

It is concerned with how language use interacts with, or is affected by, social factors such as gender, ethnicity, age or social class, for instance.

• Sociolinguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Neurolinguistics
• General linguistics

Which of the following is not a common error when producing the fricative consonant sounds /s, z/?

• /z/ is pronounced like /ð/
• /s/ and /z/ are not pronounced (dropped) at the end of a word.
• /s/ is mispronounced as /ʃ/: sandwich is pronouched as /ʃænvɪtʃ/
• In consonant clusters beginning with /s/, Spanish speakers add a vowel sound.
• All of the above are common errors

The word "bilingual" is a compound word.

• True
• False

He was and intelligent, handsome man. The words (INTELLIGENT, HANDSOME) are adjectives classified as:

• Coordinate
• Determiner
• Compound

What does 'manner' of articulation mean?

• It refers to how the airstream is affected as it exits the lungs and mouth
• It refers to the altitude of the speaker's surroundings
• It refers to the attitude of the speaker during a conversation
• It refers to the condition of the mouth

Language is transmitted

• biologically
• mentally
• culturally
• genetically

And the back edge is called the _________. It sounds like k, g, and ng are made with this.

• Corona
• Dorsum
• Labiodental
• Dental

Each language has its own inventory of phonemes that may differ from that of another language.

• True
• False

The scientific study of how languages change over time, which seeks to understand the relationships among languages and to reconstruct earlier stages of languages.

• Sociolinguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Historical linguistics
• General linguistics

Knowledge of linguistics may not be useful for explaining problems concerning language learning.

• True
• False

Spanish does not distinguish between long and short vowels.

• True
• False

English has a twenty-consonant system.

• TRUE
• FALSE

In the nineteenth century languages were compared with a view to determining their exact genetic relationships and to reconstructing the proto-language from which the attested languages of a family derived. This branch of linguistics is called:

• Comparative linguistics
• Contrastive linguistics
• Comparative philology

Which statement is NOT true? Language is a human system of communication which:

• can be expressed by gestures
• can be spoken
• can be written
• has fixed reference

What involves knowledge for using competence so that the process of sentence production and understanding can be realized?

• Knowledge
• Language Competence
• Language Performance
• Speech Error

A language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised is a:

• natural language
• constructed language
• impossible language
• a sign language

How many manners of articulation are there?

• 7
• 4
• 6
• 5

The field of study in which researchers investigate the psychological processes involved in the use of language, including language comprehension, language production, and first and second language acquisition.

• Historical linguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Neurolinguistics
• General linguistic

There is a difference between having the knowledge necessary to produce sentences of a language and applying this knowledge.

• True
• False

When you say, “Could you repeat please?” you express this function of language:

• informative
• directive
• emotive
• phatic
• metalinguistic

The way a language system is used in communication is called:

• performance
• phonology
• competence
• language pedagogy

It deals with the place of language in its wider social and cultural context, and its role in making and maintaining cultural practices and societal structures.

• Theoretical linguistics
• Anthropological linguistics
• Descriptive linguistics
• Computational linguistics

According to Dante Alighieri the original languages given to humanity as God's gift was?

• Sanskrit
• Hebrew
• Greek
• Indo-European

The most important debate for Greek philosophers was the relationship between?

• Consonants and vowels
• Words and meaning
• Sounds and pronunciation
• Words and structure

Dialect and Language are the same thing?

• yes po
• yesn't

When a BEGINNER learner of English says “I swimmed in the lake this weekend”, it is most probably an error due to:

• competence
• performance

Vowels are classified by..

What is the study of language as it pertains to social classes, ethnic groups, and genders?

• Psycholinguistics
• Comparative linguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Linguistics

She creates the form, if we said that creates has two morphemes, what is the functions of the letter s in the word "creates"?

• To show the third singular person

Which of the following is NOT suprasegmental features?

• stress
• tone
• intonation
• phoneme

Linguistics is the

• Scientific and systematic study of the systems and principles underlying language.
• Scientific and systematic study of speech sounds in general.
• Scientific study of arrangement of speech sounds in language.
• Scientific and systematic study of language in use

Usually the sress of the English compound words falls on the first elements.

• True
• False

Semantics is the study of

• word formation
• sentence structure
• meaning making
• correct pronunciation

Aquella ciudad es muy bella. (AQUELLA) hace referencia a un adjetivo...

• Calificativo
• Demostrativo
• Interrogativo
• Indefinido

The fundamental relation between the sound and the meaning in which words represent the sound of the objects they refer to are called

• Naturalism
• Onomatopeya
• Arbitrariness
• Convention

The [k] in the word cat is aspirated, and voiced.

• True
• False

What is phonology?

• The study of the sound
• The study of the creation of words
• The study to understand how word paired
• The study if meaning

Which of the following statements is true about the fricative consonants /f, v/?

• /v/ is a commonly mispronounced sound because it does not exist in many languages, including Spanish.
• /v/ is often mispronounced as /b/ and /w/.
• Non-native Spanish speakers often mispronounce the English /v/ as /b/.
• All of the above statements are true.

Which of the following is true about the affricate consonant sounds /tʃ, dʒ/?

• Both consist of a stop-plosive consonant and a fricative consonant.
• /tʃ/ is found in the following words: cheese, nature
• /dʒ/ is found in the following words: judge, job
• /tʃ/ is voiceless, while /dʒ/ is voiced.
• All of the above

The characteristic of linguistics (

These are sounds made with air passing through the nose. Examples include the m, n, and ng sounds of sing.

• Nasal
• Uvula
• Velum
• Bilabial

This creature is referred to as a. snake (English)b. paambu (Tamil)c. sarpa (Sanskrit)d. saamp (Hindi)These different names are possible because natural language is ______________.

• symbolic
• arbitrary
• displaced
• discrete

Grammatical units such as morphemes, words, phrases and clauses are all the same across different languages.

• True
• False

The consonants [w] and [j] belong to ________ in terms of manner of articulation.

• glide

which are the three T's in intonation?

• Tone, Tonality, Tension
• Tone Tonality, Tonicity
• Tonality, Tension, Tonicity
• Tonicity, Tonality Transformer

it is used to give emphasys in the subject matter of the sentence. This sentence belongs to...

• Tone
• Tonicity
• Tonality
• Tentaculous

French replaced English as the language of the law.

• True
• False

Philosophers that claimed that languages were essentially systematic and regular were called anomalist.

• True
• False

The first studies in syntax were a contribution from?

• Romans
• Greek
• Hindi
• Port Royal Grammar

In linguistic data samples of language is called :

• Corpse
• Lingua
• Corpus
• Canon

It is the study of language from a cognitive and developmental law.

• Psycholinguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Comparative linguistics
• Linguistics

It is extremely common for nouns to function as adjectives.

• ENGLISH
• SPANISH
• BOTH
• NONE

Linguists believe that

• speech preceded writing
• speech followed writing
• speech and writing developed simultaneously
• speech and writing had different origins

“Take care” as a way of finishing a conversation expresses this function of language:

• informative
• directive
• emotive
• phatic
• metalinguistic

She creates the form, how many morpheme include in "creates"?

• 3
• 2
• 4
• 1

Pragmatics is the study of

• Practical usage of language

The /ʃ, ʒ/ fricative sounds are formed in which part of the mouth?

• Bilabial (top and bottom lips)
• Labiodental (teeth and lips)
• InterDental (tongue and teeth)
• Alfeolar (Gum Ridge)
• Hard Palate
• Velar (soft palate)

In 1348, English replaced Latin as the language of instruction in most schools.

• True
• False

how it is called the way how humans learn a lenguage according to Chomsky?

• Language Acquisition Device

¿En qué tiempo se encuentra la siguiente oración?Los futbolistas han entrenado mucho para el partido.

• Pretérito perfecto compuesto o Antepresente de indicativo
• Pretérito perfecto compuesto o Antepresente de subjuntivo

A type of verb used in certain situations where the verb's action isn't necessarily factual.

• Subjunctive mood
• Indicative mood
• Verbs in infinitive

Cavemen have been known to use around ________ symbols in their cave drawings.

• 30
• 300
• 3000
• 30000

Forensic linguistics is a branch of

• Applied linguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Neurolinguistics
• Comparative linguistics

Which of the following is a common consonant cluster created with the fricative sound /s/?

• /ts/-found often at the end of a word: let's
• /sts/-found often at the end of a word: lasts
• /sks/-found often at the end of a word: desks
• /sps/-found often at the end of a word: lisps
• All of the above

What did u know about morpheme?

Phonetics is the study of

The application of computer science to the analysis and comprehension of written and spoken language.

• Theoretical linguistics
• Applied linguistics
• Descriptive linguistics
• Computational linguistics

It looks at how linguistics can help understand real-life problems in areas such as psychology, sociology and education. It can be compared with theoretical linguistics, which looks at areas such as morphology, phonology and lexis.

• Theoretical linguistics
• Applied linguistics
• Descriptive linguistics
• Computational linguistics

The discussions about the regular patterns in languages and exceptions. The terms used for regularity or irregularly in the language patterns were?

• Conventionalism and naturalism
• Languages and thought
• Analogy and anomaly
• Onomatopeia and metaphores

takes a broad view of linguistic phenomena, studying the contexts in which language is used and its development over time and in and among individuals.

• Macro linguistics

¿En qué tiempo se encuentra la siguiente oración?La nutrióloga me dijo que coma muchas verduras.

• Presente de indicativo
• Presente de subjuntivo

in english what type of affixes do we use?

• Preffix and Suffix

The adverbs and ad participle of the verbs were recognized by:

• Plato
• Aristotle
• Dionysius Thrax
• Socrates

Which of the following sounds can be used to pronounce "-s" and "-es" at the end of words?

• /s/, if final "s" follows a voiceless consonant [p, t, k, f, θ]:
• /z/, if final "s" follows a vowel/diphthong or a voiced consonant [b, d, g, v, m, n, ŋ, l, r, ð]
• /ɪz/, if final "-es" follows [s,z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ]
• All of the above are true

What is the study of languages?

• Phonetics
• Syntax
• Linguistics
• Semantics

Competence is the knowledge that persons have of their grammar.

• True
• False

In the word Volunteer we see :

• the preffix Vol-
• the suffix -er
• the inffix -un-

Which of the following statements is true about fricative consonants?

• Fricatives form the largest consonant group in the American English language, consisting of nine (9) sounds.
• Fricative consonants are formed by creating continous airflow that is constricted in the mouth to create sounds.
• Fricative sounds are produced in all parts of the mouth, except the bilabial and velar regions.
• Two affricate sounds, /tʃ, dʒ/, are a special class of stop-plosives and fricative sounds.
• All of the statements are true

The main contribution in the study of phonetic that correspond to the comparison between words pronounced in isolation and in connected speech was made by ...

• Plato
• Panini
• Socrates
• Aristotle

A complete sentence includes at least a subject and a verb.

• ENGLISH
• SPANISH
• BOTH
• NONE

According to the vowel length rule, a vowel before a voiced consonant is lengthed.

• True
• False

It was considered the mother language that gave rise to modern languages ...

• Sanskrit
• Urdu
• Greek
• Indo-European
• Hebreo

Regarding the death of a language it is correct to say that

• A languaje dies when we learn another language
• No language has died yet
• it dies with genocide
• if we don't travel our language will prevail

what are the 3 branches of phonetics?

Linguistics is different from traditional grammar in that it is not

• descriptive
• prescriptive
• traditional
• accurate

The first studies in phonethics are tributed to:

• Sophist
• Plato
• Panini
• Dante Aliguiery

There is some natural connection between the original meaning and the second application meaning, for example the words: mouth of the river, neck of the bottle. That words are called

• Onomatopeia
• Metaphores
• Synonymes
• Conventionalism

Historians reconstruct the past using language. Astronomers describe faraway stars, planets and galaxies using language. This is possible because of the _______________ feature of language.

• duality
• displacement
• arbitrariness
• symbolism

What do you call the actual utterances produced by speakers of a language?

• Language Competence
• Language Performance
• Knowledge
• Speech Error

The use of affixes and context clues help the students learn the meaning of words.

• True
• False

“She said ‘Ain’t no sunshine’ – how interesting! Let’s see why she speaks like this” is what would be said by:

• a prescriptivist
• a descriptivist

A theory _________________ should explain sentences, which are rendered into speech sounds.

• performance

tick the suprasegmental features

The word Latin word "lingua" means

• Tongue
• Mouth
• Roof of the mouth
• Lungs

The /s, z/ fricative sounds are formed in which part of the mouth?

• Bilabial (top and bottom lips)
• Labiodental (teeth and lips)
• InterDental (tongue and teeth)
• Alfeolar (Gum Ridge)
• Hard Palate
• Velar (soft palate)

The sounds are made by holding the lips together and then releasing the sound, such as p and b.

• Liquid
• Nasal
• Bilabial
• Bilabial nasal

In the vocal tract, the speech starts with the [Blank]__, which pushes air out (carbon dioxide) and pulls it in (oxygen).

• lungs

The science that studies the origin of words is called?

• Morphology
• Rhetoric
• Syntax
• Etymology

Mi mascota es muy inteligente. (Mi) hace referencia a un adjetivo...

• Demostrativo
• Indefinido
• Posesivo
• Numeral

The study of the speech sounds of a particular language is known as

• phonetics
• phonology
• phones
• phonemes

In Spanish, there are two high (or close) vowels /i/ and /u/, two mid (or half-close) vowels /e/ and /o/, and one low (or open) vowel /a/.

• TRUE
• FALSE

The use of language for social functions such as asking permission involves familiarity with modals that expresses formality and politeness.

• True
• False
• It depends upon the culture.

How do you define linguistic?

• the system that regulated with methodology of research
• the scientific study about language
• the term to explain the unique behavior
• the term to determine how fast somebody talk

The system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language is called:

• language pedagogy
• performance
• phonology
• competence

“You can’t say ‘John is older than her’, you must say ‘John is older than she’” is what would be said by:

• a prescriptivist
• a descriptivist