Bacteria

What is the yellow

• DNA
• cell wall
• Cytoplasm

cold sores are caused by a(n) _______ virus.

• active
• flu
• host
• latent

12. What is the primary function of ribosomes in bacterial cells?

• a) Energy production
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) DNA replication
• d) Waste elimination

Match these symptons to the Bacteria A) severe muscle spasms ( lockjaw) B) Severe dihhera, abdominal cramps, feverC) general malaise to menegitis to spontaneous abortionsD) pockets of gas formation under skin, degrades muscles, limp muscles that secrete black fluid. E) Flaccid muscle paralysis, double vision, general muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis.F) Colonizes Pharaynx, forms grayish pseudomembrane composed of fibrin, leukocytes, exotoxins damage heart and neural cells

• A) Clostridium tetani
• B) Clostridium Difficile
• C) Listeria
• D) Clostridium Perfringens
• E) Clostridum Botulism
• F)Corynebaterium Dipheria

BONUS QUESTION (+2 points):Which microorganism is one of the oldest things on Earth?

• algae

35. What is the primary function of the bacterial cytoplasm?

• a) Contains enzymes and cellular structures
• b) Stores genetic material
• c) Synthesizes ATP
• d) Facilitates cell movement

Bacteria are....(select all that apply)

How do viruses move?

What is the name of a virus that has RNA instead of DNA?

• Prophage
• Retrovirus
• Prions
• Viroids

50. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing botulism?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Clostridium
• c) Escherichia coli
• d) Salmonella

24. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing strep throat?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Streptococcus
• c) Staphylococcus
• d) Salmonella

bacteria sometimes struggle to survive. some bacteria escape this with

• outerspores
• endospores
• binary fission
• archaea

84. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing botulism?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Clostridium
• c) Escherichia coli
• d) Salmonella

Pathogens cleans of oil spills

• True
• False

Which microorganism is the SMALLEST?

• bacteria
• algae
• fungus
• virus

58. Which of the following bacterial diseases can lead to severe lung infection and is caused by Legionella pneumophila?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Tetanus
• c) Cholera
• d) Legionnaires' disease

Which of the following characteristics promote bacterial growth?

25. Which of the following bacterial diseases can be transmitted through the bite of an infected tick?

• a) Cholera
• b) Lyme disease
• c) Tuberculosis
• d) Malaria

37. What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from inorganic substances?

• a) Chemotrophs
• b) Phototrophs
• c) Heterotrophs
• d) Autotrophs

what does the cell membrane do

• helps to transport ions, nutrients, and waste.

Match the bacteria shapes to the name:

harmful or helpful: bacteria helps ruminants digest cellulose

• helpful
• harmful

Which ones are GAMMA HEMOLYTIC

What do viruses need to reproduce?

• they need genetic material
• They need a host cell
• They need bacteria
• They need insulin

The ________ is used by some bacteria to move around in their environment

• flagella

What type of virus is the Sars-CoV-2 (corona virus)?

• Retrovirus
• Oncovirus
• Bacteriophage
• Prion virus

99. What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight?

• a) Phototrophs
• b) Chemotrophs
• c) Heterotrophs
• d) Autotrophs

46. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing urinary tract infections?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Escherichia coli
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Salmonella

Tests performed in MUELLER-HINTON AGAR

An autotroph is a bacteria which gets its energy from ________

63. What is the primary function of bacterial plasmids?

• a) Energy production
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) Genetic exchange
• d) DNA replication

8. What is the primary function of the bacterial capsule?

• a) Oxygen exchange
• b) Protection from immune cells
• c) Nutrient absorption
• d) Reproduction

There are 5 stages in the growth of bacteria: ___, log, stationary, decline and survival

• lag

Bacteria can be both helpful and harmful.

• True
• False

What does pili do?

• It allows dna to be transferred from one bacterium to another

If bacteria are in a temperature that is too high for them, their enzymes become_________

• denatured

Viruses and some bacteria can be classified as pathogens because they

• provide oxygen
• cause disease
• recycle nutrients
• can be used to produce medicine

55. What is the term for bacteria that live in the absence of oxygen and are often found in the digestive tract?

• a) Aerobic
• b) Anaerobic
• c) Facultative anaerobic
• d) Microaerophilic

What is the job of the cell wall in bacteria?

• To provide protection
• To make protiens
• To hold organelles in place
• To hold water and nutrients

how can you prevent viral infections?

• by washing your hands regularly
• by eating a balanced diet
• by being vaccinated
• all of the above

What is a prokaryote?

• a unicellular organism that lacks internal membrane bound structures, including a membrane bound nucleus

Protozoa serve valuable purposes. Which answers tell of this purpose. Check ALL that apply.

Name some bacterias

name the shape

• spirillum (spiral shaped)
• bacillus (rod-shaped)
• coccus (sphere-shaped)

Which two enterotoxins are made by bacillus cereus ?

• 1) Heat labile Toxin- that causes nausea, abdominal pain, diahera, lasts 12-24 hours
• 2) heat stable toxin - similar to S. Aureus food poisining , short incubuation, severe nausea, slight dihhera.

Which applies to Enterococcus

Which of the following is not a way that bacteria are able to move?

• Lashing or snaking forward
• Gliding through slime
• Flagella
• Pili

Test/s that requires 37 degrees Celsius incubation and does not require CO2

32. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing food poisoning?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Streptococcus
• c) Salmonella
• d) Clostridium

What is bacteria?

• single-celled organisms that have no nucleus and can either benefit or harm the body

Which structure is used by some bacteria for movement?

• flagella

33. What is the term for the process by which bacteria break down

• a) Photosynthesis
• b) Decomposition
• c) Nitrogen fixation
• d) Fermentation

What do bacterias not have?

• Nucleus

26. What is the primary role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

• a) Carbon fixation
• b) Oxygen production
• c) Nitrogen fixation
• d) Phosphorus cycling

Which microorganism can cause diseases and infections in people?

• Bacteria
• All of the above
• Fungus
• Virus

13. Which of the following bacterial structures is responsible for storing genetic material?

• a) Nucleus
• b) Nucleoid
• c) Endoplasmic reticulum
• d) Golgi apparatus

_Select each of the following structures that are found in a virus.

What do doctors use to prime our immune systems to resist viruses?

• antibiotics
• vaccines
• gene therapy
• chemotherapy

Which applies to Group B strep

transduction

• a method of genetic recombination in bacteria in which dna is transferred between cells by a virus

Which of the following is true for both bacteria and viruses?

• both contain genetic material
• can be killed using antibiotics
• have a cell membrane
• have a protein coat

Ribosomes located within bacteria are used to produce

• viruses
• chromosomes
• more bacteria
• proteins

harmful or helpful: bacteria "fixes" nitrogen

• helpful
• harmful

what are the appendages?

• pill and flagellum

do bacteria have a nuclei?

• no
• yes

31. Which of the following bacterial diseases can be prevented through vaccination with the BCG vaccine?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Tetanus
• c) Cholera
• d) Malaria

Which reason best explains why bacteria can reproduce quickly?

• Binary fission

Microorganisms are so small they can only be seen ________________.

• From the sky
• In a science lab
• through a microscope
• in the dirt

Which type of microorganism is the LARGEST?

• Bacteria
• Algae
• Fungus
• Virus

Which bacteria cell part goes in the box labelled with the star?

• Flagella
• Chromosomal DNA
• Plasmid DNA
• Cell Wall

Algae is the largest producer of ___________________ on Earth.

• pond scum
• bacteria
• oxygen
• carbon dioxide

Which kingdom of bacteria is more closely related to eukaryotes?

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria

small, circular strands of DNA

• plasmids

Bacteria normally replicate through​ (a) but can use ​ (b) when stressors force them to adapt. Some bacteria form an ​ (c) to go dormant when conditions are poor.

viruses aren't made of cells

• true
• false

Viruses are similar to _____ because they need a host cell to replicate themselves.

• decomposers
• autotrophs
• heterotrophs
• parasites

89. What is the primary function of bacterial endospores?

• a) Energy production
• b) Survival in harsh conditions
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) DNA replication

Viruses must bind to specific proteins on the cell surface because of this, animal viruses can only infect _______ cells.

• animal

93. What is the primary function of bacterial capsules?

• a) Protection from immune cells
• b) Energy production
• c) Nutrient absorption
• d) DNA replication

Name and describe the two enterotoxins of bacillus anthracis and the3 different proteins associated with one of them.

• 1) Plasmid called PXO1 with three proteins a) edema factor ( EF) that disrupts water homeostasis b) protective antigen ( PA) that promotes the entry of EF into the phagocytic cell c) Lethal factor ( LF) zinc metalloprotease that inactivates protein kinease. 2) Plasmid PX02 that encodes 3 genes required for synthesis of poly-glutamyl capsule.

When bacteria are stressed, what could happen? (select all that apply!)

What type of virus uses RNA that is translated in hosts to create new viruses?

• oncoviruses
• retroviruses
• prophages
• viroids

bacillus

• bacteria with a rod shapeexample: E. coli

36. Which of the following bacterial structures is involved in DNA replication?

• a) Flagellum
• b) Capsule
• c) Pilus
• d) Nucleoid

85. What is the primary function of bacterial capsules?

• a) Protection from immune cells
• b) Energy production
• c) Nutrient absorption
• d) DNA replication

Which applies to Micrococcus spp.

What is the job of ribosomes in bacteria?

• To provide protection
• To make protiens
• To hold organelles in place
• To hold water and nutrients

Which bacteria cell part goes in the box labelled with the star?

• Flagella
• DNA
• Plasma Membrane
• Cell Wall

Name a BACTERIA that you can get a vaccine for:

• diphtheria

How would you get Bacillus Cereus?

• Improperly cooking food, at lower temperatures.
• Infection through infected animal or soil
• By eating smoked fish or improperly canned foods at home
• Innoculated with trama into muslcles
• Penetration of skin by a rusted nail

70. Which bacterial structure is responsible for transferring genetic material from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation?

• a) Ribosome
• b) Conjugation pilus
• c) Flagellum
• d) Capsule

What is the cell part labeled as "E"

• Cell wall

Poly-D-glutamicacid protein capsule that prevents phagocytosis.

• Bacillus Cereus
• Clostridium Botulium
• Bacillus Anthracis
• Clostridium Tetani
• Listeria monotogenes

harmful or helpful: bacteria keep less friendly cells from growing in or on your body

• helpful
• harmful

In batch culture, the product is collected during the two stages:

• log and decline
• log and lag
• lag and decline
• lag and stationary

What are the 2 types of kingdoms

• Eubacteria and archae

Which of the following Latin roots correctly describes the shape of these bacteria?

• bacillus
• coccus
• spirillum
• strepto

What do saprotrophs do (decomposers)

• Break down
• A process that uses bacteria to convert nitrogen into useful proteins
• Cleans up oil spills

Bacteria can be found in

• The land only
• aquatic areas only
• temperate places on land
• every place ever

76. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing botulism?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Clostridium
• c) Escherichia coli
• d) Salmonella

87. What is the term for bacteria that thrive in extremely cold environments?

• a) Psychrophiles
• b) Thermophiles
• c) Acidophiles
• d) Halophiles

We can produce products such as antibiotics or dairy products in a container known as a

• petri dish
• bioreactor
• test tube
• water bath

Can a virus change the normal activity of a cell?

• No
• Maybe
• Yes

49. What is the primary function of bacterial inclusions?

• a) Storage of nutrients and metabolic byproducts
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) Energy production
• d) DNA replication

Which bacteria cell part goes in the box labelled a?

• Flagella
• Chromosomal DNA
• Ribosomes
• Plasma Membrane

34. Which of the following bacterial infections can lead to the formation of pus-filled abscesses?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Lyme disease
• c) Cholera
• d) Staphylococcal infection

One important way to control the spread of viruses in through

• the use of vaccines
• drinking a lot of tea
• the use of other types of bacteria
• the use of antibiotics

Which viral structure is responsible for attaching the virus to the host cell?

• capsid
• tail sheath
• tail fiber
• genetic material

41. What is the term for the protective mechanism that some bacteria use to resist the effects of antibiotics?

• a) Antibiotic resistance
• b) Biofilm formation
• c) Conjugation
• d) Transformation

Which of these is NOT a way that bacteria can be helpful?

• Aid in digestion of our food
• Protect against harmful bacteria
• Decompose organic matter in soil
• Fix nitrogen in soil for plants to use
• can become resistant to antibiotics

71. What is the term for bacteria that thrive in extremely cold environments?

• a) Psychrophiles
• b) Thermophiles
• c) Acidophiles
• d) Halophiles

18. What is the term for bacteria that require oxygen to grow?

• a) Aerobic
• b) Anaerobic
• c) Facultative anaerobic
• d) Obligate anaerobic

What does bacteria do?

67. What is the term for bacteria that require high salt concentrations to grow?

• a) Halophiles
• b) Acidophiles
• c) Thermophiles
• d) Mesophiles

Where can bacteria be found?

59. What is the term for bacteria that require a low pH (acidic environment) to thrive?

• a) Acidophiles
• b) Alkaliphiles
• c) Halophiles
• d) Mesophiles

11. Which of the following is a disease caused by bacteria?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Malaria
• c) AIDS
• d) Influenza

what does the cell wall do?

• it provides a rigid structure that gives the cell its shape

100. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing botulism?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Clostridium
• c) Escherichia coli
• d) Salmonella
• I hope these questions help with your study of bacteria!

Which is the 3 correct parts of bacteria?

• Cell wall, DNA, Pili
• DNA, Plasmid, Nucleus
• Vacuole, Cell wall, Pili
• Plasmids, Cell membrane, Oytoplasm

28. What is the term for bacteria that live in extreme environments, such as hydrothermal vents?

• a) Thermophiles
• b) Mesophiles
• c) Psychrophiles
• d) Halophiles

What are the two bacteria kingdoms?

• -archaebacteria- eubacteria

how does bacteria reproduce?

• binary fission
• fussion
• meiosis
• mitosis

The use of what modern technology has cause the rise in resistant bacteria

• vaccines
• antibiotics
• fertilizers
• solar panels

Where do bacteria store sugars and lipids?

• storage granule

69. What is the primary function of bacterial capsules?

• a) Protection from immune cells
• b) Energy production
• c) Nutrient absorption
• d) DNA replication

We eat fungi?

• True
• False

Which cell part is the thin, flexible covering of a cell that is semi-permeable?

• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• DNA
• Cytoplasm

51. What is the term for bacteria that can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen?

• a) Aerobic
• b) Anaerobic
• c) Facultative anaerobic
• d) Obligate anaerobic

What do prokaryotes have on the outside of their cell membrane that gives protection and support?

• the cell wall

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19. Which bacterial structure is responsible for attaching to host cells during infection?

• a) Adhesins
• b) Ribosomes
• c) Plasmids
• d) Nucleoids

Test/s that requires 35 degrees Celsius incubation

47. What is the term for bacteria that require organic compounds for energy and carbon sources?

• a) Heterotrophs
• b) Autotrophs
• c) Phototrophs
• d) Chemotrophs

What does semi-permeable mean?

• Keeps everything out
• Let's certain things in
• Let's everything in

64. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing bubonic plague?

• a) Yersinia
• b) Clostridium
• c) Escherichia coli
• d) Salmonella

What can bacteria do?

• - they can cause disease- they can help us digest our food

The segment of DNA injected into host cells by a virus is called the

• prophage
• capsid
• plasmid
• prion

What part of bacteria sell helps it stick to surfaces

• Flagella
• RNA
• pilus

Match the pandemic-causing pathogen to its method of spreading & causing illness: (from EdPuzzle)

Bacteria are....

66. Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted through contaminated food and can lead to paralysis?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Botulism
• c) Cholera
• d) Tetanus

62. Which bacterial structure is responsible for protecting the cell from its external environment?

• a) Cell membrane
• b) Nucleoid
• c) Ribosome
• d) Flagellum

Identify the statements that correctly describe Archaebacteria.

This structure is formed when bacteria are placed into unfavorable growth conditions....

• endospore
• crystallization
• pili
• plasmid

60. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing diphtheria?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Corynebacterium
• c) Clostridium
• d) Escherichia coli

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Which of the following is a viral infection?

• cholera
• influenza
• strep throat
• tuberculosis

Which microorganisms are harmful? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!

54. Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea?

• a) Tetanus
• b) Anthrax
• c) Cholera
• d) Plague

91. What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight?

• a) Phototrophs
• b) Chemotrophs
• c) Heterotrophs
• d) Autotrophs

Match the scientist with his contribution to our understanding of disease:

17. Which of the following bacterial infections is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water?

• a) Influenza
• b) Salmonella
• c) Tuberculosis
• d) HIV

Bacteria are _______, meaning they have _______ _____________________

• Prokaryotes; no nucleus
• Prokaryotes; no DNA
• Eukaryotes; no nucleus
• Eukaryotes; no DNA

56. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing pneumonia?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Clostridium
• c) Streptococcus pneumoniae
• d) Escherichia coli

what do plasmids do?

• they eat the other structures
• they can cause death to certain cells
• they have DNA strands that are separate from the main structure
• they take the DNA out of the cell

Describe 2-3 ways each that both viruses and bacteria can be helpful to humans.

88. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing urinary tract infections?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Escherichia coli
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Salmonella

74. Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea?

• a) Tetanus
• b) Anthrax
• c) Cholera
• d) Plague

Bacteriophage is a virus that can infect bacteria.

• True
• False

Harmful mold and other fungi can...Check ALL that apply.

archaebacteria lives in extreme environments

• True
• False

44. Which of the following bacterial diseases is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Tetanus
• c) Strep throat
• d) Salmonellosis

Which applies to S. pneumoniae

1. Which of the following is not a domain of life?

• a) Eukarya
• b) Bacteria
• c) Archaea
• d) Protista

The carbohydrate found in the cell walls of Eubacteria is called

• cellulose
• peptidoglycan
• glucose
• chitin

Which of the following is true?

• Viruses and bacteria are both prokaryotes.
• Bacteria are eukaryotes and viruses are prokaryotes.
• Some bacteria are prokaryotes and some are eukaryotes.
• All bacteria are prokaryotes.

68. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing dental decay?

• a) Escherichia coli
• b) Clostridium
• c) Streptococcus pneumoniae
• d) Streptococcus mutans

97. What is the primary function of bacterial endospores?

• a) Energy production
• b) Survival in harsh conditions
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) DNA replication

Which bacterial form can be curved like a spiral, thick and rigid, or thin and flexible?

• spirillum

What process is this?

• phagocytosis
• lytic cycle
• lysogenic cycle
• formation of antibodies

Where is bacteria found?

• Everywhere
• Almost everywhere

spirillum

• bacteria with an elongated spiral shapeexample: cholera

48. Which bacterial disease is characterized by the formation of a hard, protective case around the bacterial cell?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Anthrax
• c) Cholera
• d) Tetanus

a latent virus can remain in the body for years before destroying the host cells

• true
• false

In continuous flow culture,

• there is more product
• there are only two stages: lag and stationary
• it is more used by the industries
• you cannot do water treatments

Ribosomes are also found in bacteria cell.

• True
• False

What causes clostridium perfringens?

Prokaryotes will often move by a tail-like what?

• flagellum

92. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing botulism?

• a) Streptococcus
• b) Clostridium
• c) Escherichia coli
• d) Salmonella

the outside of a bacterial cell is protected by a structure called a

• capsule

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Which of the following creates genetic variation among bacteria?

• binary fission
• conjugation

65. What is the term for the process by which bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use?

• a) Photosynthesis
• b) Nitrogen fixation
• c) Fermentation
• d) Respiration

Which of the following fungi are HELPFUL? Check ALL that apply.

Where are viruses found?

• Almost everywhere
• Everywhere

Which mode of reproduction is matched correctly with its description?

• transduction—virus transfers genes from one bacteria to another

Which of these is characteristic of both viruses and bacteria?

• They get their energy from their environment.
• They can reproduce on their own.
• They can form crystals and become dormant.
• They contain proteins and nucleic acids.

a cell infected by a virus

• capsid
• plasmid
• capsule
• host cell

43. What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight?

• a) Phototrophs
• b) Chemotrophs
• c) Heterotrophs
• d) Autotrophs

Which is a reason that bacteria can cause infections in other organisms?

• Fast reproduction

harmful or helpful: bacteria can give you strep throat

• helpful
• harmful

how does bacteria get transmitted?

a vaccine gives your body _______.

• the antibiotics needed to fight a virus
• a weakened or dead form of the virus
• a latent form of the virus
• peptidoglycan to resist a virus attack

Which of the following bacteria use energy from inorganic reactions as a source of energy to build glucose?

• Parasites
• Saprophytes
• Photoautotrophs
• Chemoautotrophs

how are Archaea different from Bacteria?

Bacteria and fungi are __________________________.

• Producers
• Consumers
• Decomposers
• Mushrooms

52. Which bacterial structure is responsible for transferring genetic material from one bacterial cell to another?

• a) Capsule
• b) Conjugation pilus
• c) Flagellum
• d) Ribosome

Tests performed in BRAIN HEART INFUSION BROTH

• Bacitracin Susceptibility Test
• Novobiocin Susceptibility Test
• Optochin Susceptibility Test
• Polymyxin B Susceptibility Test
• 20% Dextrose Strip Test
• Salt Tolerance Test

96. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing urinary tract infections?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Escherichia coli
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Salmonella

Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes because they are missing

• a cell wall
• genetic material
• a nucleus
• ribosomes

How does a virus reproduce?

• With a female virus
• By controlling a cell to make copies
• They cant reproduce

5. Which bacterial structure allows for movement?

• a) Flagella
• b) Cilia
• c) Pili
• d) Capsule

The segment of DNA that is shared between bacteria during conjugation is called the

• bacteriophage
• prophage
• capsid
• plasmid

what are the internal structures of bacteria?

• nucleoid, dna, and ribosomes

the bacterial DNA and ribosomes enclosed in a tough case that can survive unfavorable conditions

• host cell
• microbiota
• endospore
• plasmid

There are five kingdoms of life. Bacteria belong in the kingdom called______

• Monera

How was the Quizziz :^)

Check all of the non-living characteristics of viruses.

78. Which bacterial structure is responsible for transferring genetic material from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation?

• a) Ribosome
• b) Conjugation pilus
• c) Flagellum
• d) Capsule

27. Which of the following bacterial structures is involved in the exchange of genetic material during conjugation?

• a) Capsule
• b) Nucleoid
• c) Pilus
• d) Endospore

What process occurs when bacteria break down nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use?

• binary fission
• conjugation
• nitrogen fixation
• decomposition

What are the symptons of Clostridium Botulium?

• Flaccid muscle paralysis, double vision, general muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis.
• Pockets of gas formation under skin, degrades muscles, limp muscles that secrete black fluid.
• General malaise to menegitis to spontaneous abortions
• Severe dihhera, abdominal cramps, fever
• Severe muscle spasms ( lockjaw)

Name a virus that you can be vaccinated for (BESIDES COVID)

• flu

What is in dark green

• cell membranes
• Flagella
• DNA

two substances found in viruses

What do all viruses have?

What is the name of the disease-causing particle that does not contain DNA or RNA?

• Prophage
• Retrovirus
• Viroids
• Prions

30. What is the primary function of the bacterial cell membrane?

• a) Regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell
• b) Synthesizing proteins
• c) Storing genetic material
• d) Providing structural support

How long ago did the first life (bacteria) appear on Earth?

• 300 years ago
• 3,000 years ago
• 3 million years ago
• 3.5 billion years ago

53. What is the primary function of bacterial mesosomes?

• a) Energy production
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) DNA replication
• d) Cell division

A bacterium reproduces asexually by dividing to form two new bacterial cells. What is the name of the process by which bacteria reproduce?

• meiosis
• mitosis
• budding
• binary fission

40. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing dental cavities?

• a) Salmonella
• b) Clostridium
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Lactobacillus

What are the symptons of Clostridium Difficile?

• Pockets of gas formation under skin, degrades muscles, limp muscles that secrete black fluid.
• Flaccid muscle paralysis, double vision, general muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis.
• Severe muscle spasms ( lockjaw)
• Severe dihhera, abdominal cramps, fever
• General malaise to menegitis to spontaneous abortions

What is the cell part labeled as "B"

• Cell membrane

7. Which of the following is a beneficial role of bacteria in the human body?

• a) Causing diseases
• b) Digesting food in the gut
• c) Filtering blood
• d) Producing antibodies

What are examples of Viruses?

What type of bacteria will be killed in the presence of oxygen?

• Obligate aerobes
• Obligate anaerobes
• Facultative anaerobes
• Photoautotrophs

name the shape

• spirillum (spiral shaped)
• bacillus (rod-shaped)
• coccus (sphere-shaped)

What are types of bacteria?

A obligate anaerobe is a type of bacteria that

• must have oxygen in its system
• cannot have oxygen in its system
• may or may not need oxygen
• uses sulfur dioxide

Bacterial is eukaryotic organisms

• true
• false

Test/s that requires 37 degrees Celsius incubation and requires CO2

There are approximately 10 times as many human cells as bacteria cells in the human body.

• True
• False

_Select the statements that support the fact that viruses are not alive.

38. Which of the following bacterial diseases is caused by a spirochete bacterium?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Strep throat
• c) Salmonellosis
• d) Syphilis

9. Which type of bacteria can survive extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and acidity?

• a) Extremophiles
• b) Gram-negative bacteria
• c) Pathogenic bacteria
• d) Aerobic bacteria

binary fission

• the process of cell division in prokaryotic organisms by which the parent cell divided into two genetically identical cellsby asexual reproductionvery rapid reproductionSTeps; dna molecule is copieddna molecules attach to cell membranecell membrane elongates and pinches off leaving two identical cells

Which form of bacteria is matched correctly to its description?

• coccus—can cause MRSA and has a round shape

the helpful microscopic bacterial cells that inhabit your body

• host cell
• microbiota
• endospores
• plasmid

6. What is the role of pili in bacteria?

• a) Sensing the environment
• b) Attachment to surfaces
• c) Photosynthesis
• d) Respiration

The hair like structure in bacteria cell are called

• Nucleus
• Flagella
• Mitochondria
• Cell wall

81. What is the primary function of bacterial endospores?

• a) Energy production
• b) Survival in harsh conditions
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) DNA replication

57. What is the primary function of bacterial ribosomes?

• a) Storage of genetic material
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) Energy production
• d) Cell division

how does an active virus reproduce?

• the viral DNA forces a host cell's own machinery to make more viruses
• the viral DNA forces the host cell to go through binary fission
• the viral DNA is replicated and passed on every time the host cell goes through mitosis
• all of the above

2. What is the shape of a spherical bacteria cell?

• a) Spiral
• b) Cuboidal
• c) Round
• d) Rod-shaped

Which of these characteristics of living organisms are NOT present in viruses?

Endotoxins : 1) plasmid called pXO1 which has three different proteins a) edema factor (EF) b) ? c) ? and whats the second endotoxin? Finally, which bacillus is this?

• B) neurotoxin,c) lethal factor , Plasmid pX02, Bacillus anthracis
• b) Protective antigen(PA) c) Lethal Factor ( LF) and plasmid pX02 ; Bacillus anthracis
• B)tetanospasmin c) Protective antigen ; plasmid pXO2 ; Bacillus anthracis
• B) Protective antigen(PA) c) Lethal Factor ( LF) and plasmid pX02 ; Bacillus cereus

4. Which of the following is a method of bacterial reproduction?

• a) Binary fission
• b) Mitosis
• c) Meiosis
• d) Budding

You can eat WITHOUT microorganisms.

• Yes
• No
• Sometimes
• Probably

how does bacteria move?more then one answer

79. What is the term for bacteria that thrive in extremely cold environments?

• a) Psychrophiles
• b) Thermophiles
• c) Acidophiles
• d) Halophiles

94. Which bacterial structure is responsible for transferring genetic material from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation?

• a) Ribosome
• b) Conjugation pilus
• c) Flagellum
• d) Capsule

42. Which of the following bacterial infections is transmitted through the bite of infected fleas?

• a) Tuberculosis
• b) Plague
• c) Cholera
• d) Tetanus

45. What is the primary function of bacterial plasmids?

• a) Locomotion
• b) Genetic exchange
• c) Energy production
• d) Protein synthesis

77. What is the primary function of bacterial capsules?

• a) Protection from immune cells
• b) Energy production
• c) Nutrient absorption
• d) DNA replication

Which applies to Staphyloccocus spp.

98. Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea?

• a) Tetanus
• b) Anthrax
• c) Cholera
• d) Plague

14. What is the term for the protective structures formed by some bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions?

• a) Capsules
• b) Pili
• c) Endospores
• d) Cilia

where is nucleoid?

• it is in the middle and floating

Multi-celled organisms are made up of ____________________ cells.

• one
• two
• multiple
• ten

Which Gram Positive- spore- making Bacillius produces neurotoxins that blocks acetylcholine from the nerve terminals in ANS?

• Clostridium Botulium
• Clostridium tetani
• Bacillus Anthracis
• Listeria monotogenes
• Bacillus Cereus

Which ones are ALPHA HEMOLYTIC

What are the three common shapes of bacteria's

• Spirilli round and rod shaped
• Sprilli bacilli and cocci
• Round spirals and Rod shape

We can live WITHOUT microorganisms.

• True
• False
• Sometimes
• During the spring and fall.

95. What is the term for bacteria that thrive in extremely cold environments?

• a) Psychrophiles
• b) Thermophiles
• c) Acidophiles
• d) Halophiles

What percentage of bacteria are harmful to humans?

• 10%
• less than 1%
• 90%
• more than 100%

There are two types of food processing we have to learn: _____ and continuous flow culture

• batch

23. What is the term for the protective outer layer of some bacteria that helps them resist antibiotics?

• a) Biofilm
• b) Glycocalyx
• c) Mesosome
• d) Periplasm

73. What is the primary function of bacterial endospores?

• a) Energy production
• b) Survival in harsh conditions
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) DNA replication

Which applies to Group D strep

• Bile esculin positive
• 6.5% NaCl positive
• Optochin sensitive
• Hippurate positive

thorough hand washing is able to prevent bacterial infections but isn't successful at preventing viral infections.

• true
• false

72. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing urinary tract infections?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Escherichia coli
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Salmonella

Why is the cytoplasm in cells important?

• It controls the activities of the cell
• It provides support and shape for the cell
• It controls what enters and exits the cell
• It keeps other cell parts from colliding and damaging each other

Bacterias are microscopic

• true
• false

The two economic disadvantages of bacteria are food spoilage and

• parisitism
• production of antibiotics
• antibiotic resistance
• human disease

80. Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing urinary tract infections?

• a) Escherichia
• b) Escherichia coli
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Salmonella

Harmful bacteria can be found in raw meats, raw eggs, and other foods.

• True
• False

Consider this microscopic image of bacteria.mc003-1.jpgBased on its shape, what is most likely the form of this bacteria?

• bacillus

a virus has a, ______, a protein coat that surrounds its nucleic acid.

• capsid
• capsule
• cell membrane
• cytosol

bacteria has

• no cell wall and no cell membrane
• both cell wall and cell membrane
• cell wall
• cell membrane

conjugation

• the process by which a plasmid is transferred from one bacterial cell to another

Are prokaryotes more or less simple than eukaryotes?

• more

is there a nucleus in a bacterial cell?

• no

do prokaryotes have a nucleus surrounding their chromosomes of dna?

• no

Which bacteria structure is labelled with the star?

• Cell Wall
• Capsule
• Ribosome
• Flagella

What is the most outside part of a bacterium?

• Ribosome
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall

Which of the following are identified as archaeal groups?

Which statement is true about viruses?

• Viruses can eat and metabolize food.
• Viruses can reproduce only using a host cell.
• Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time.
• Viruses contain DNA, so they are alive.

Bacteria reproduce in which way?

• Sexually (binary fission)
• Budding
• Meoisis
• Asexually (binary fission)

20. What is the primary function of bacterial endospores?

• a) Reproduction
• b) Survival in harsh conditions
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Energy production

Which microorganisms help your body digest food?

• bacteria
• algae
• fungus
• virus

harmful or helpful: bacteria help make foods

• helpful
• harmful

Which part of the bacteria is always present?

• Cell wall
• Plasmid
• Flagella
• Capsule

Bacteria reproduce asexually by _ and sexually by _.

• binary fission, conjugation

Which of the bacterial structures protects the cell from drying out during times of stress?

• capsule

Identify the long whip like structure used for movement

• pili
• flagella
• capsule
• plasmid

How do single-cell organisms move? Check all that apply

• flagella
• cilia
• change shape
• all the above

harmful or helpful: bacteria are decomposers

• helpful
• harmful

Which ones are BETA HEMOLYTIC

Which scientist created tests that helped confirm that bacteria and other microorganisms cause a variety of diseases?

• Robert Koch

90. Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea?

• a) Tetanus
• b) Anthrax
• c) Cholera
• d) Plague

What would happen to a bacterial cell if its protective covering was destroyed?

• It would be harmed by chemicals in the environment.

What is the cell part labeled as "C"

• Ribosome

What is cytoplasm?

• Jel-like fluid that fills the cells and gives it shape
• Bone-like structure that give it protection
• Small structure that makes protein
• Whip-like structure that allows for movement

Which of these conditions would allow extremophile Archaebacteria to survive? (select all that apply)

the slimy coating around a bacterium

• plasmid
• capsule
• capsid
• host cell

An heterotroph is a bacteria which gets its energy from

The gene for antibiotic resistance is found in the ________ inside the bacterial cell. Not all bacterial cells have this structure.

• plasmid

What are the 3 ways bacteria get energy ( food)

• Autotroph consumer mushroom
• Photosynthesis heterotroph autotroph
• Autotroph heterotroph saprotroph

21. Which type of bacteria stain purple in the Gram staining process?

• a) Gram-positive
• b) Gram-negative
• c) Gram-neutral
• d) Gram-variable

10. What is the term for the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact?

• a) Binary fission
• b) Conjugation
• c) Transformation
• d) Transduction

plasmid

• a small, circular dna molecule in bacteria

Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they

• are involved in photosynthesis
• recycle organic matter
• absorb solar energy
• slow the spread of disease

How does bacteria get energy

When do bacteria form endospores?

• In the best environment, i.e. enough food, enough
• When the temperature is ambient
• In harsh conditions
• When they are dormant

22. Which of the following bacterial diseases has been largely eradicated through vaccination programs?

• a) Polio
• b) Tuberculosis
• c) Cholera
• d) Malaria

The kingdom containing disease-causing bacteria and most of the helpful bacteria is

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria

These organisms only have one cell.

• single-cell organisms
• multi-cell organisms
• plants
• humans

what are the surface structures of bacteria?

• capsule, cell wall, and cell membrane

Identify the energy sources used by autotrophic bacteria

How does a virus get energy?

• It produces energy
• From host cell
• They dont need it

How many named species of bacterias are there?

• 40000
• 1500
• 30000
• 8000

16. What is the primary mode of nutrition for autotrophic bacteria?

• a) Heterotrophy
• b) Photosynthesis
• c) Predation
• d) Parasitism

coccus

• bacteria with a spherical shapeexample: staph infection

Organisms WITHOUT a nucleus?

• Bacteria
• Fungus
• Amoebas
• Virus

61. What is the term for the process by which bacteria take up DNA from their surroundings and incorporate it into their genome?

• a) Conjugation
• b) Transduction
• c) Transformation
• d) Replication

Which bacteria cell part goes in the box labelled b?

• Flagella
• Chromosomal DNA
• Ribosomes
• Cell Wall

39. What is the primary function of bacterial flagella?

• a) Locomotion
• b) Photosynthesis
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) DNA replication

You are looking at a sample under the microscope to see if your patient has a bacterial infection. When you look in the microscope, you see something that looks like this. Is it a bacterium?

• Yes, this is a bacterium
• No, this is not a bacterium

Bacteria that stain red or pink are called

• gram positive
• gram negative

Bacteria that require oxygen in order to survive are called

• Obligate anaerobes
• Obligate aerobes
• Facultative anaerobes

Some bacteria are autotrophs. This means they

• eat each other
• make their own food
• become parasites
• use chemicals to break down their food source

29. Which bacterial species is commonly used in the fermentation of dairy products like yogurt?

• a) Salmonella
• b) Escherichia coli
• c) Lactobacillus
• d) Clostridium

75. What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight?

• a) Phototrophs
• b) Chemotrophs
• c) Heterotrophs
• d) Autotrophs

Bacteria...

• include yeast
• are prokaryotic
• do not grow in UV light
• are eukaryotic

Who first discovered bacteria

• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
• Galileo Galilei
• Hooke
• Hubert Blaine Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorff Sr.

How could you get clostridium tetani?

• By eating smoked fish or improperly canned foods at home
• Infection through infected animal or soil
• Improperly cooking food, at lower temperatures.
• Penetration of skin by a rusted nail
• Innoculated with trama into muslcles

3. What is the function of the bacterial cell wall?

• a) DNA replication
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) Providing structural support
• d) Energy production

Type of virus that can be spread from insects:

• oncovirus
• arbovirus
• retrovirus
• all of these

transformation

• a type of gene transfer in which dna is taken from the environment

ways you can limit the spread of viral infections

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (bursting)?

• Lysogenic Cycle
• Lytic Cycle
• Binary Fission
• Conjugation

Not all bacteria has a flagella

• True
• False

What is the whip-like 'tail' that bacteria use for movement?

• Cell wall
• Ribosome
• Flagella
• Cytoplasm

Tests performed in BLOOD AGAR PLATE

A ______________ bacteria gets food from other organisms. They can be saphrophytes or parasitic bacteria.

• heterotrophic

name the shape

• spirillum (spiral shaped)
• bacillus (rod-shaped)
• coccus(sphere)

Which series lists the correct order of steps of binary fission from first to last?

• DNA is copied ® DNA molecules attach to cell membrane ® cell membrane elongates and pinches off ® two identical cells are produced

Which of the following types of bacteria live on dead organic matter?

• Parasites
• Saprophytes
• Photoautotrophs
• Chemoautotrophs

82. Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea?

• a) Tetanus
• b) Anthrax
• c) Cholera
• d) Plague

15. Which of the following is an example of a nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

• a) Escherichia coli
• b) Rhizobium
• c) Streptococcus
• d) Staphylococcus

Bacteria have short, fine, hairlike appendages called ______

• plasmids
• flagella
• spirillia
• pilli

Bacteria can have the following shapes:

• cocci, bacilli, spirilla
• cocci, helical, rods
• complex, helical, polyhedral
• complex, cocci, spirilla, helical

86. Which bacterial structure is responsible for transferring genetic material from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation?

• a) Ribosome
• b) Conjugation pilus
• c) Flagellum
• d) Capsule

Consider this microscopic image of bacteria. mc005-1.jpgWhich bacterial shape is shown in the image?

• spiral

When a virus infects a host, it first attaches to the host cell, injects its genetic material, then

• assembles new viruses
• reads the genetic code
• releases new viruses
• destroys the host cell

For LC, we learn about three types of bacteria: round, ___ and spiral

• rod

83. What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight?

• a) Phototrophs
• b) Chemotrophs
• c) Heterotrophs
• d) Autotrophs

Bacteria are found in which of the following places?

• in your digestive system
• in the air
• in soil
• all of the above

a protein coat surrounding viral DNA

• capsid
• capsule
• endospores
• microbiota

bacteria have no what?

• nucleus

Bacteria that are considered "extremophiles" because of the harsh environments they inhabit are in the kingdom

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• both kingdoms