Anthropology

Linguistic relativity is the idea that:

• A)The structure of a language affects the ways in which its speakers are able to conceptualize their world
• B)Language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought.
• C)There are certain common patterns similar to all languages, therefore any idea can be expressed in any language

Which is NOT a part of Lamarck's inheritanceof acquired characteristics?

• Recognition by an organism of environmental change
• Automatic production of new adaptive traits
• Possibility of extinction when adaptation doesn't work
• Passing on of acquired traits to offspring

One major criticism of the unilineal evolutionists' models of cultural evolution is that themodels:

• Were based on incorrect data
• Were developed by colonial governments
• Were developed to support missionary work
• Were based on very little ethnographic data
• Miss interpreted cultural people as savages

Bonus question +3: Make a brief summary about your expositions.

is the study of past and present societies and the language, traditions, customs, and behaviour that make them unique.

• cultural anthropology

The multi-dimensional set of aboriginal beliefs about the cosmos is called

• The Dreaming

A species is best defined as?

• A kind of living organism
• A group of organisms that looks completely different from others
• A group of organisms with similar adaptations
• A reproductively isolated group of organisms

Village exogamy and deferred exchange trading partnerships between men in potentiallyhostile villages:

• Are an underlying cause of intervillage feuding and violent conflict
• Are carried out for strictly utilitarian economic motives
• Reduce the potential for intervillage conflict
• Are regulated by the respective village headmen in order to enhance theirpolitical power
• The potential for my wives to sustain the populace

The transformation of the first chiefdoms into the first city-states in Mesopotamia byabout 3500 B.C. were based on

• Elite control of mass production and long-distance trade, conquest, war, andunequal access to landed wealth
• Peaceful focus on temple ritual
• Independent village women growing their own flax, making line, and weaving inthe home
• Taxation of Neolithic villages who hunted wild gazelle and harvested wild rye

Guess what is this jumbled word. A short description is given below to help you in identifying the word. GYOLOPORTHANThis is the study of humans- their origin, behavior, and their physical, social, and cultural development.

• ANTHROPOLOGY

It is the broad study of humankind around the world and throughout time. It is also concerned with both the biological and the cultural aspects of humans.

• Anthropology

[The two sides of self]is the part of the self that is unsocialized and spontaneous. It is the individual’s response to the community’s attitude toward the person.

• Me
• I

The set of naturalfeatures to which an organism is adapted and the way in which it is adapted isknown as its?

• Habitat
• Ecosystem
• Niche
• Environment

In MUSLIMS, the consumption of pork is not allowed, so _________________ is one of their primary source of meat.

• cattle
• bull
• chicken
• goat

Fission produces populations that:

• Are genetically identical
• Will eventually become separate species
• Are usually less well adapted than the original population
• Have different sets of genetic combinations

The expression of a genetic combination iscalled the?

• Phenotype
• Genotype
• Allele
• Dominant

_Select "True" if the statement is true, otherwise select the correct word that makes the statement true.Sociology comes from the Latin words socius and logos which literally mean “study of society.”

• True
• Structure
• Power
• Companionship

Which of the following is not a sub-branch of Physical Anthropology?

• Osteology
• Demography
• Ethnolinguistic
• Primatology

Guess what is this jumbled word. A short description is given below to help you in identifying the word. ERUTLUCConsists of beliefs, behaviors, objects, and othercharacteristics common to the members of a particular group or society.

• CULTURE

He is the proponent of Theory of Cultural Relativism:

• Franz Boas

It is one of the different versions of Diffusion theory which states that cultures have originated from one culture center.

• Superstructure
• Egalitarian Society
• Culture Circles
• Heliocentric Diffusion

Which of the following supplies concreteevidence for the fact of evolution?

• The universality of DNA among living organisms
• The use of amino acids to build proteins among all organisms
• The fossil record
• The ecological relationships among organisms

The perspective that beliefs and practices of any society can only be judged by the values and standards prevalent in that society.

• Cultural Relativism

What term refers to the culturally sanctioned practice of marrying someone within agroup to which one belongs?

• Incest
• Exogamy
• Hypogamy
• Endogamy
• Endosperm

The social relations implied in the extensive use of material power and machinery in all processes of production.

• Industrialism
• Capitalism
• Institution of Surveillance
• Dynamism

The Polynesian system of mana:

• Is a means of organizing production to meet the needs of a large or dense population
• Provided supernatural support for chiefly status
• Is a way of impounding and "farming" fish in artificial stone-lined ponds
• Was the primary supernatural support for Pacific islander navigation and routefinding

It is a characteristic of individualistic culture that represents self as separate, distinct, with emphasis on internal attributes or traits, skills, and values.

• Independent Construct
• Interdependent Construct
• Interconnected Construct

It studies the materials remains of humans; best known for the study of pre-historic cultures.

• Archaology
• Archaeology
• Physical Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology

What is cultural relativism?

• It is a cultural universal, based upon the human capacity to use symbols
• It is the argument that behaviour of a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture
• It is a cultural particular, based upon the interrelatedness of humans
• Is it the opposite of participant observation
• It is the same thing as ethnocentrism, but is applies only to family structure

Alfred Russel Wallace is known for?

• Proposing explanations for evolution that differed from Darwin's
• Hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin
• Deriving the basic laws of genetics
• His advocacy of divine creation

The study of environmental relationships iscalled?

• Evolution
• Ecology
• Adaptation
• Descent with modification

Guess what is this jumbled word. A short description is given below to help you in identifying the word. GYOLOICOSIt is the scientific study of social behavior, social institutions, and social relations.

• SOCIOLOGY

A set of directly interacting habitats makeup a(an)?

• Society
• Ecosystem
• Niche
• Environment

Give an example of counterculture and subculture

We may best picturethe relationships among all species as:

• A ladder of increasing complexity
• A chain of species going from least to most perfect
• A tree with a few branches
• A dense bush with countless branches and twigs

What is the difference between culture, subcuture and counter culture?

The "modification" part of descentwith modification means that?

• Humans have learned how to modify living organisms and their genes
• Species can modify themselves to become better adapted
• Evolution has changed recently as a result of human intervention
• Species change through time as a result of a number of natural processes

Distinctive features of indigenous peoples that generate political conflict with largerscalecultures include:

• Ethno-linguistic distinctiveness
• Political centralization and economic inequality
• Community-level resource management and relative social equality
• Small-size and lack of political organization

16-20. Before 1937, Filipino women had no right of suffrage. After thesuccess of the April 30, 1937 plebiscite, the 1935 Constitutionextended the right to vote to women as well.1. This phenomenon is similar to many societies where women are treatedas second-class citizens, why do you think this is so? Why weren'twomen allowed to vote? Why are women allowed to vote now? Listpossible explanations using anthropology and sociology.2. How has women gaining the right to vote affected politics in thePhilippines? Has it been beneficial or not? Explain your answers.

The core of Mendel'sideas about inheritance are that?

• Genes undergo mutations
• Inheritance involves the passing on of "particles"
• Inheritance involves the blending of parental substances
• Genetics explains how evolution works

The tendency for a person to evaluate other cultures based on a notion of the superiority of one's own culture is called _____.

• Chronocentrism
• Ethnocentrism
• Chauvinism
• Nationalism

Give the term which relates to this state. "Cultural meanings derived from inside a given culture and presumed to be unique to that culture".

• Emic

A person who knows and is able to use several languages; commonly known as multi-lingual

• Polyglot

Polygamy describes

• Marriage between a man and two or more women
• Marriage between a woman and two or more men
• C)Marriage between a man or a woman and two or more individuals
• Marriage between multiple individuals

Which of the following statements about culture is not true?

• All human groups have culture
• Culture is the main reason for human adaptability
• Human groups differ in their capacities for culture
• The capacity for culture is shared by all humans
• Cultural learning is uniquely elaborated among humans

Darwin delayed forsome time before publishing his idea. Which was NOT a reason for his delay?

• His idea acknowledged extinction
• His idea did not include progressive evolution toward greater complexity
• His version did not claim that evolution was directed toward humans
• Nobody believed in evolution in the first place

Workers in the area of planned culture change have noted that the most importantstimulant or motivator of change is:

• Desire for economic gain
• Appeals to nationalism
• Competition
• Cultural ethnocentrism
• Population growth

Physical anthropology studies where humans as a species came from, how our bodies evolved to their present form, and what makes humans unique.

• TRUE
• FALSE

Heterozygous means?

• Having the same alleles in a pair
• Producing identical twins
• Having two different alleles in a pair
• Producing similar zygotes at fertilization

Archbishop James Ussher is credited withcalculating the age of the earth at about?

• 4.5 Billion years
• 12 to 18 Billion years
• 65 Million years
• 6000 years

Guess what is this jumbled word. A short description is given below to help you in identifying the word.SFEILEBA state or habit of mind in which trust or confidenceis placed in some person or thing.

• BELIEFS

All are anthropologists but one of them is an anthropologist that focuses on cultural development and changes of Man.

• Mary Leakey
• Charles Darwin
• Margaret Mead

According to Chagnon, Yanomamo men fight:

• Because aggressive behaviour increases the reproductive success of individual men
• Because of protein deficiencies
• Because the recent introduction of bananas and plantains lead to a populationexplosion
• Because of the universal innate human propensity for violence

In which field does the following research question belong?"What are the similarities and differences in methods of Malaysia, Cambodia, and Philippines in aiding their health related sectors?"

• Anthropology
• Sociology
• Political Science
• None of the above

The idea ofbiological evolution goes back to?

• The ancient Greeks
• A century or so before Charles Darwin
• Charles Darwin
• Around the beginning of the 20th Century

The ideological domination by one cultural group over another through institutions,bureaucracy, education, and sometimes force, is termed:

• Colonialism
• Hegemony
• Imperialism
• Globalisation

Immediate return production systems contribute to social equality because:

• Food storage encourages mobility and sharing
• There is no particular advantage in long term control of a labor force
• Daily food harvest and consumption foster higher population density and greaterhousehold autonomy
• There is no basis for differences in social status based on age or sex

Levi-Strauss argues that tribal peoples use mythical thought which:

• Held that things which were once part of someone could still influence thatperson even after they were separated
• Ignored contradictions, assuming that something could be two things at once
• Used a limited set of signs ordered into structured relationships that help peopleunderstand reality while providing aesthetic satisfaction
• Followed logical mental processes basically like our own

Amazonian subsistence production systems:

• Maximize leisure, household autonomy, and labor equality between men andwomen
• Increased garden work by women and supports non-food producing specialists
• Involves continuous work from tropical dawn to dusk to satisfy all basic needs, butlabor equitably shared by men and women
• Causes men do the garden clearing, hunting and fishing, and thus put in significantlylonger hours than women

The borrowing that takes place between cultures as a result of prolonged contact istermed:

• Acculturation
• Enculturation
• Invention
• Hegemony
• Deffered exchange

Define anthropology in your own words

The availability of protein is an important ecological factor limiting the size of villages in Amazonia, but the significance of protein is mediated by cultural factors such as

• A)The absence of writing meant that Amazonian peoples could not maintain the environmental knowledge needed to increase protein production
• B)Without metal tools Amazonian peoples could not hunt and fish effectively
• People preferred large villages regardless of the cos
• D)Leisure and household autonomy were more important than large villages

Looks into the Biological Development of Humans and their contemporary variation.

• Linguistic Anthropology
• Archeology
• Physical Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology

Alleles that are bothexpressed in the phenotype are said to be?

• Dominant
• Homozygous
• Co-dominant
• Recessive

When a population splits into two or more newpopulations the process is called:

• Gene flow
• Founder effect
• Fission
• Gamete sampling

_Selection that maintains the adaptiverelationship between a species and its environment is:

• Directional selection
• Artificial selection
• Natural selection
• Stabilizing selection

Darwin's idea about the major process ofevolution is called?

• Descent with modification
• Natural selection
• Inheritance of acquired characteristics
• Adaptation

In Mendelian genetics, a dominant allele is?

• Better fit
• More common
• The one that codes for the normal expression of a trait
• The one that is expressed phenotypically over other alleles

___________are individuals in a society who have significant knowledge on the topic being studied by the Anthropologist.

• Agents
• Key Informants
• Scientist

Described as having two or more people interacting with one another, sharing similar characteristics, and whose members identify themselves as part of the group.

• Social Group
• Social Network
• Society
• Community

A systematic study of the remains of previous cultures as a means of RECONSTRUCTING the lifeways of people who lived in the past.

• Primatology
• Anthropology
• Archaeology
• Paleontology

When genes are exchanged or mixed betweenpopulations within a species, the process is called:

• Gene flow
• Genetic drift
• Fission
• The founder effect

The Nuer established paternity based on

• Genes
• Bride wealth
• Lineage
• Dowry

Mutations are:

• Always harmful
• Always more beneficial than previous forms of a gene
• The source of new genetic variation
• Produced only when there is increased radiation or pollution

A group of students visited the ruins of an old civilization. They dug up tools that looked like it was used for carpentry, pots, jars and even old coins. By analyzing these tools, they aimed to reconstruct the daily life of the people who once lived there. What subfield is mainly concerned in this scenario?

• Archaeology

The tribal world is characterized by

• A.unprecedented increase in global population and consumption
• Population growth and intensive food production
• C.tendency toward equilibrium of population and resource consumption
• Consumption based market

Katherine Ewing described the "_" as encompassing the physical organism, possessing psychological functioning and social attributes.

• Self

A group of anthropologists found that in one community some Aeta have curly hair and some have straight hair. They aimed to explain these differences and whether it is present among all Aeta communities. What subfield of anthropolgy is mainly concerned in this scenario?

• physical anthropology

Nuer marriages are based on an agreement between the families of the bride andgroom involving rights over:

• Pasture and water
• Meat, blood, and milk
• Grain storage facilities, house structures, and ancestor shrines
• Cattle and women

Which of thefollowing is NOT included under the heading of genetic drift?

• Gene flow
• Fission
• Gamete sampling
• The founder effect

The Inca ruler resembled the Hawaiian king in that both:

• Were indistinguishable from the common people
• Were sacred kings but lacked secular power
• Headed royal lineages, were treated like gods, and wielded significant power
• Had great secular power, but no supernatural support

Give one of the three main sources of human variation.

• Evolution

It promotes a holistic study of humans. Derived from two Greek words -Antropos (Human) -Logos (Study)

• anthropology

Discipline of Anthropology that deals with the study of human genetics.

• Biological /Physical Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Archaeology

Name the subfields of physical anthropology

What interdisciplinary study explores how language shapes communication and influences social life?

• Social Anthropology
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology
• Biological Anthropology

Name the subfields of cultural anthropology

It is an anthropological perspective which believes that cultural development should be studied on its own cultural context through ethnographic data.

A headman in Amazonian society

• A)Must be able to use coercive violence within the village
• B)Is distinguished by special dress and insignias of office
• C)Is relieved from the requirement to share and can work less than others
• Must be a good public speaker and especially generous

[Mead's Stages of Self-Development]stage is the level where the individual not only internalizes the other people’s perspectives, he or she is also able to take into account societal rules and adheres to it.

• Play
• Language
• Game

[The two sides of self]It is the product of what the person has learned while interacting with others and with the environment.

• Me
• I

The team from the National Museum conducted an excavation in Butuan and discovered a balangay (ancient Filipino boat), which contained jewelry, utensils and furniture. They aimed to understand when, what and who used the balangay and its contents. What subfield is mainly concerned in this scenario?

• Archaeological Anthropology

The English word "anthropology" comes from the _____ words for "human" and "study".

• Greek

Populations over time develop traits that allow them to survive and reproduce successfully in their environment, while those who did not develop these traits have less chance of survival.

• Genetic Drift
• Natural Selection
• Gene Flow

Which of the following is not a major area in Biological Anthropology?

• Primatology
• Ethnology
• Paleoanthropology

In Mendelian genetics, a recessive allele is?

• Uncommon
• Only expressed phenotypically if homozygous
• Less fit
• The one that codes for abnormal traits

The combination of genes in an individual iscalled the?

• Phenotype
• Genotype
• Allele
• Dominant

"A multiple personality is in a certain sense of normal."

• George Herbert Mead
• Joseph LeDoux
• John Locke
• Plato

Patrilocality in Amazonia may be functionally associated with

• The inheritance of land through the male line
• Male-centered sacred sites
• Revenge raiding
• The importance of clans and lineages

What component of cultural anthropology is comparative and focused on building upon our understanding of how cultural systems work?

• Ethnography
• Data collection
• Ethnology
• Fieldwork
• Data entry

An allele is?

• A variant of a gene
• The same as a gene
• A mutated form of a normal gene
• A recessive version of a gene

What is a totem?

• A)A cultural association between specific natural objects and human social groups
• An animal that everyone adores in a society
• C)An ideological system that explains the order and meaning of the universe and people’s place within it
• D)An ideological system that seeks to explain the origin of everything

What is Ethnography?

• The study of biological adaptability
• The fieldwork aspect of cultural anthropology
• The study of animal behaviour
• The comparative component of cultural anthropology
• The generalising aspect of cultural anthropology

It is the in-depth study of everyday life and practice of individuals or social groups.

• Ethnography
• Epidemiology
• Epistemology
• Endology

Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology that began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. Who played India Jones?

• Bruce Willis
• Harrison Ford
• Clint Eastwood

Matrilocality in Amazonia may be functionally associated with

• The inheritance of land through the female line
• The importance of female task groups for such activities as manioc processing
• Female-centered religious cults
• A high rate of selective female infanticide

Homozygous means?

• Having the same alleles in a pair
• Producing identical twins
• Having two different alleles in a pair
• Producing similar zygotes at fertilization

The process of Learning your own culture.

• acculturation
• enculturation
• deculturation

Of all species thathave ever existed:

• Most are still around
• Most are extinct
• Most look like they do when they first evolved
• Only those with humanlike characteristics survived

A production system involving both competitive product markets and the commodification of labor power.

• Industrialism
• Capitalism
• Institution of Surveillance
• Dynamism

Describes the similarities and differences in culture.

• Archaeological Anthropology
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Biological Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology

Name the fields of anthropology

A group of aboriginal people who camp and forage together are called

• A band
• A clan
• A tribe
• A lineage

The process of diminishing returns suggests that states are likely to collapse because of:

• Environmental imbalance
• Natural disaster
• The prohibitive cost of maintaining cultural complexity
• Foreign conquest

The major process that explains descent withmodification is:

• Adaptation
• Genetic inheritance
• Natural selection
• Evolution

Polynesian status systems

• Were based solely on ascription and thus rigid and static
• Were based entirely on age, sex, and personal characteristics
• Were concerned entirely with the abstract goal of maintaining cohesion for thesociety as a whole
• Combined ascription and achievement and thus promoted status rivalry

Social Group is either ___ or ___.

The term "anthropology" came from which two Greek words?

• Anthropo and Logica
• Logos and Anthropo
• Anthros and Logis
• Logos and Anthros

A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Filipino Muslim workers are historically underprivileged in the Philippine labor system. What theoretical perspective is the sociologist using?

• Functionalism
• Conflict Theory
• Symbolic Interactionism
• Social Evolutionism

[Mead's Stages of Self-Development]Also known as role playing, enables the person to internalize some other people’s perspectives.

• Play
• Language
• Game

What is the term for the processes that are making nations and people increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent?

• Acculturation
• Diffusion
• Globalisation
• Enculturation
• Independent invention

Which of the following disciplines focuses on the contribution of child-rearing to a human trait and practice.

• Psychology
• Business
• Sociology

According to the multiregional theory of evolution

• Evolution took place within a single evolving lineage
• B.African modern humans either replaced or assimilated archaic humans
• We are the most evolved, and therefore best humans that have ever existed
• D.modern humans have only lived for the last 100,000 years

The study of people, past and present. It focuses on understanding the human condition in its cultural aspect.

• Anthropology

Discipline of anthropology that focuses on use of language in a particular time and society.

• Physical Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Archaeology

The basic Aboriginal material inventory includes:

• Bow, pottery, and fire
• Blowgun, baskets, and fire
• Digging stick, spear, and fire
• Spear, bronze axe, and fire
• Pottery, blade, and fire

A transfer of valuables between male heads of families to formalize marriages is called

• Dowry

Guess what is this jumbled word. A short description is given below to help you in identifying the word. CALITILOP ECNEICSThis is the scientific study of the structure and behavior of the state and political institutions and dynamics through scientific analysis.

• POLITICAL SCIENCE

The study of how an animal is adapted shouldfocus on its?

• Behavior
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Communication System

Mead developed a concept that proposed different stages of self-development. What are these stages?

Includes all the tangible and visible parts of culture, which includes foods, clothes, and even buildings.

• material culture
• non-material culture

It is macro theory in sociology that views society as system of interrelated parts that work together to encourage consensus.

• Functionalism
• Conflict Theory
• Symbolic Interactionism
• Social Evolutionism

An anthropologist doing fieldwork strives to achieve the role of:

• Friend and teacher
• Key informant
• Privileged stranger
• Participant observer
• Incorporated tribe member

Anthropologists from the university are studying the differences and similarities of the Bicol language. What subfield is mainly concerned in this scenario?

• Linguistic

Brown's work on the "folk" classification of plants and animals in different languages ledhim to conclude that:

• Increasing urbanization and political complexity has lead to a loss of detailedknowledge of plants and animals
• Knowledge of nature steadily increases within a society as cultural scale increases
• Abstract life form terms such as tree, grass, bush, and vine tend to disappear from alanguage as culture scale increases
• Contrary to Levi-Strauss, the "science of the concrete" is more characteristic of folkclassifications used by urbanized societies than by peoples in domestic-scalecultures31.

When a random sampling causes some alleles to change in a gene pool, this is called _____________.

• Mutation
• Genetic Drift
• Gene Flow

According to Goldman, Pacific Island societies were aristocracies based on

• Belief in the inherent superiority of a line of descent
• Temporary leadership, selected according to pragmatic or utilitarian principles
• Self-made leaders who must continually verify their positions by success inwarfare
• Leaders like Amazonian headmen who had to be generous and diplomatic

It is an approach in Political Science wherein the focus is on the individual and how the political system influences an individual's political behavior.

• Historical Appraoch
• Behavioralism
• Legal Approach
• Institutional Approach

Her specialty was living with and understanding the language and behavior of chimps:

• Jane Goodall

Promote to study of a society’s culture through their belief systems, practices, and possessions.

• Linguistic Anthropology
• Archeology
• Physical Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology

Dr. de Guzman visited the Aeta of Pampanga and the Agta of Sorsogon to analyze whether there are similarities in their marriage customs. What subfield is mainly concerned in this scenario?

• cultural

What is the term for the gift that the wife's group gives to the husband's family?

• Polygamy
• Brideweath
• Dowry
• Progeny Price
• Bride Serive

Like the Hawaiian and Mesopotamian kings, the Inca emperors expanded their socialpower by

• Relying exclusively on direct physical threats and intimidation, backed up by apowerful standing army
• Lavish generosity, in which they distributed luxury goods to everyone in thepopulation, regardless of their social status
• Creating separate and balanced economic, political, military, and ideologicalpower structures, in effect institutionalizing heterarchy, and decentralizingpower
• Asserting a symbolic connection between themselves, the fertility of nature, andthe general well-being of society

_Selection that adaptsa species to changed environmental circumstances is:

• Directional selection
• Artificial selection
• Natural selection
• Stabilizing selection

The massive increase of power and reach by institutions, especially in government.

• Industrialism
• Capitalism
• Institution of Surveillance
• Dynamism

He is one of the known Sociologists who studied social inequality and power struggles.

• Emile Durkheim
• Karl Marxs
• Herbert Blumer
• Marvin Harris

The final characteristic of culture is that never ______________.

• static

Berlin and Kay found that

• A)While each language identified exactly 11 basic color terms, the “focal point” of each term on the color spectrum varied virtually at random in different languages.
• B)The number of basic color terms in any language varied from 2 to 11, but there was great consistency in the “focal point” of each term on the color spectrum
• C)There were 2,048 basic color terms recognized by the languages surveyed and the “focal point” of each term on the color spectrum varied virtually at random in different languages
• D)There were exactly 7 basic color terms in all the languages surveyed, and there was great consistency on the “focal point” of each term on the color spectrum.

Humans have approximately _________ genes.

• 3 billion
• 1 million
• 500,000
• 20,000

Which of the following evolutionary trends isNOT demonstrated by the fossil record?

• Increase in the range of diversity
• Increase in kinds of complex living things
• Evolution of one type of organism from another
• General evolution of more and more human-like characteristics

A macromutation is a mutation that:

• Involves a large number of genes
• Is lethal
• Results in extensive physical effects
• Produces a much better adaptive trait

In 1990, Ewing stated that self is ___, as people construct a series of self-representations that are based on selected cultural concepts of person and selected “chains” of personal memories.

• Illusory

Artificial selectionrefers to:

• Hypothetical examples of selection
• _Selection operating on human beings
• Processes that appear to be selection but are not
• _Selection directed by human action

Worldwide, the average number of people in foraging bands varies around:

• 5
• 50
• 100
• 500
• 70

The "descent" part of descent withmodification means that?

• Organisms are evolving toward more complex forms
• Older fossils are usually found in lower layers of rock
• Organisms are all closely related
• Existing species give rise to new species

Programmes of planned change often do not have the desired effect because of:

• Failure to adequately supply technology
• Failure to employ technical aid experts to assess the plan
• Technical practices on the part of anthropologists
• Failure to understand the impact of cultural issues on change
• Disrupts cultural processes

The contribution of Charles Darwin to thetheory of evolution was that he?

• Proved evolution had occurred
• Disproved the Bible
• Provided a mechanism to explain how evolution works
• Was the first to apply science to the study of evolution

There is a clear trend throughout human history, that as the total social income of asociety increases with economic growth:

• The poor benefit disproportionately
• The middle class benefit disproportionately
• The elite redistribute economic power downward
• The top few hundred super-elite increase their wealth

is the study of human beings as a species and as members of different cultures.

• Primatology
• Anthropology
• Archaaeoogy
• none of them

The measure of success under naturalselection is:

• How many offspring are produced
• Whether an individual lives or dies
• How well adapted an individual is
• How well adapted the species is

The Hutterite practice of "branchingout" is an example of:

• Gene flow
• Fission
• Gamete sampling
• Speciation

In general,speciation occurs when:

• Part of a species decides to stop reproducing with the rest of the species
• A species gets spread out into a wide range of environments
• A big mutation instantly produces a new species
• A portion of a species becomes reproductively isolated from the rest

How is exogamy adaptive?

• It increases the number of individuals on whom one can rely in time of need
• It increases the likelihood that disadvantageous alleles will find phenotypicexpression and thus be eliminated from the population
• It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotespopulation expansion
• It was an important causal factor in the origin of the state
• It is not adaptive, it is just a cultural construction

Jean de Lamarck'sidea about biological evolution included both correct and incorrect parts. Which of his ideas has proved to becorrect?

• That life evolves toward increasing complexity
• That living forms become more perfect with time
• That individuals inhered new adaptations acquired by their parents
• That evolution is related to changes in the environment

In which field does the following research question belong?"What are the factors that influence selected high school students' fascination over ethnic rituals in Baguio City?"

• Anthropology
• Sociology
• Political Science
• None of the above

Name the fathers' of anthropoloy and explain about them

What are the two ways of self-construction?

The most evident characteristic of modern society, characterized as having vigorous activity and progress.

• Industrialism
• Capitalism
• Institution of Surveillance
• Dynamism

The form of genetic change that involvesgenes not being sampled representatively when parents produce offspring is

• Gene flow
• Fission
• Gamete sampling
• The founder effect

Examines the remains of ancient and historical human populations to promote an understanding of how humans adapted to their environment and developed.

• Physical Anthropology
• Applied Anthropology
• Archeology

The stratigraphic record shows us whichgeneral relationship between layers and time?

• The deeper the layer the older it is
• Layers closer to the surface are older
• Thicker layers are older than thinner ones
• All layers were laid down at about the same time

What does patrilocal mean?

• A)A society that traces its ancestry through the male descendants
• B)A society who traces its ancestry through female descendants
• C)A society where married couples go and live with the male’s side of the family
• D)A society where married couples go and live with the woman’s side of the family

Refers to the ties or connections that link you to your social group.

• Social Group
• Social Network
• Society
• Community

“Language is the _____________ of culture”

• cornerstone

Exogamy stands for

• A.a group of twenty-five to fifty people who camp and forage together
• B.a cultural preference for a newly married couple to live near the husband’s parents or relatives
• Marriage outside a culturally defined group
• Marriage within a specified group

Gametes are?

• Fertilized egg cells
• Individual genetic expressions that combine at fertilization
• Sex cells like sperm and eggs
• Another name for the genetic variants known as alleles

The process by which an ethnic group is forced to abandoned its language, culture and customs.

• acculturation
• enculturation
• deculturation

[Mead's Stages of Self-Development]This stage sets the state of self-development.

• Play
• Language
• Game

It is typical of the collectivistic culture in East Asia stressing the essential connection between the individual to other people.

• Independent Construct
• Interdependent Construct
• Interconnected Construct

When new sets of genetic combinations resultfrom population fissioning, the result is called:

• Gene flow
• Genetic drift
• The founder effect
• Speciation

In African cattle societies with an ideology of patrilineal descent

• No women are allowed to touch cattle
• B)Grandmothers do all the miling, but have no rights in cattle
• Only men own and have rights in cattle
• D)Both men and women hold diverse, overlapping rights over animals

In contrast to earlier political-scale cultures and ancient civilizations, the emergingcommercial-scale culture was uniquely characterized by:

• Stable population and reliance on renewable energy
• Complex division of labor and assembly-line mass production techniques
• Simple machines and sustainable consumption
• Population growth, reliance on non-renewable energy, and non-sustainableconsumption

The basic laws of inheritance werearticulated by?

• Gregor Mendel
• Charles Darwin
• Alfred Russel Wallace
• Archbishop James Ussher

The commercial world's primary scale-related problems. Which are perhaps the most important threats to sustainable cultural development:

• Overpopulation and ignorance
• Wars and disease
• C.Impoverishing conditions of social power and the impossibility of perpetual growth in a finite world
• Religious traditions and technological backwardness