Diagnostic Cardiac Sonography

SIGNIFICANCE of Intra­ atrial pressure

• intra­ atrial pressure. Intra­ atrial pressure is responsible for opening of the atrioventricular valves and ventricular filling. It is also the main factor for the development of venous pulse

During Atrial diastole & Ventricular systole phase, pressure between atria and ventricles?

• Pressure in atria are greater than ventricles
• Equal pressure in atria and ventricles
• Pressure in ventricles are greater than atria

Find the expected value

• Loss of $0.875
• Loss of $2.125
• Win of $1.875
• Win of $3.125

What happen to the valves in the heart during the phase of cardiac cycle shown in the diagram.

• Atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves open
• Atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves close
• Atrioventricular valves close, semilunar valves open
• Atrioventricular valves close, semilunar valves close

During Atrial systole & Ventricular diastole phase, pressure between atria and ventricles?

• Pressure in atria are greater than ventricles
• Equal pressure in atria and ventricles
• Pressure in ventricles are greater than atria

Cardiac Output is

• How many times your heart beats per minute
• Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute.
• How much blood is pumper per beat
• Relaxation of the heart muscle

What happen to the valves in the heart during the phase of cardiac cycle shown in the diagram.

• Atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves open
• Atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves close
• Atrioventricular valves close, semilunar valves open
• Atrioventricular valves close, semilunar valves close

Circulation involving the lungs is called...

• Pulmonary Circulation
• Cutaneous Circulation
• Systemic Circulation
• Cardiac Convendency

Where is S1 loudest at?

• S1 is loudest at the base
• S1 is loudest at the apex
• S1 is loudest at Erb's point
• S1 is loudest at the aortic point of ausculation

What is Isovolumetric relaxation.

• Isometric relaxation is the type of muscular relaxation, characterized by decrease in tension without any change in the length of muscle fibers. Isometric relaxation of ventricular muscle

Kevin is making an omelet. There are 7 types of meat and 2 types of cheese to choose from. How many different omelets can Kevin make using exactly one of each item?

• 7
• 14
• 9
• 24

During Atrial diastole & Ventricular systole phase, which event is wrong?

• Blood flow into the atria through vena cava and pulmonary vein
• Semilunar valves are opened
• Blood flow out of heart through aorta and pulmonary artery
• Atrioventricular valves are closed and produced "dub" sound

State the phase of cardiac cycle shown in the diagram.

• Atrial systole, ventricular systole
• Atrial diastole, ventricular systole
• Atrial systole, ventricular diastole
• Atrial diastole, ventricular diastole

Angiography ?

• Angiography is the radiographic study of heart andblood vessels using a radiopaque contrast medium.During angiography, it is possible to measure theventricular dimensional area and thickness of ventricularwall.

ITCZ is an abbreviation that stands for__________

• Intertropical Convergence Zone

In a certain community, 30% of households have 1 child, 43% have 2 children, and 27% have 3 children. If a household is selected at random, what is the expected number of children in that household? HINT: A Probability table may be helpful.

• 2.00
• 2.13
• 1.97
• 1.27

The process of transformation of ice to water vapor

• Sublimation

Let X and Y be the following sets: P(X) = {5, 10, 15}P(Y) = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}Which of the following is the set X U Y?

• {5, 10, 15}
• {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}
• {}
• {3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15}

The coldest layer of the atmosphere

• Mesosphere

Three events occur with probabilities P(E1) = 0.35, P(E2) = 0.15, P(E3) = 0.40. If the event B occurs, the probability becomes P(E1|B) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.30. Calculate P(E1 or B).

• 0.075
• 0.575
• 0.021
• 0.475

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure

• Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is the pressureexerted in the pulmonary capillary bed after obstructingthe proximal part of pulmonary artery

Heart rate is how many times the heart pumps in 1 minute. What are the units of heart rate?

• cm3 min-1
• beats per minute (bpm)
• cm3

Normal ejection fraction in %

• 55 to 65
• 60 to 65
• 75 to 80
• 55 to 60

A spinner has 8 equal regions. Each region is marked with one of the following numbers: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80. What is the probability of an even number being spun on the first roll?

• 1/8
• 1/2
• 1
• 3/8

S2 sounds are loudest on which part of the heart?

• Base

While Tim is waiting for class to start, he pulls a quarter from his pocket. How many outcomes are possible if he flips the quarter 3 times?

• 3
• 6
• 12
• 8

A blanket of air that surrounds the Earth

• Atmosphere

A patient is on digoxin. What finding should you report to the health care provider as possible signs of digoxin toxicity? Select all that apply.

A bag has 2 black and 3 red marbles. You reach into the bag, select a marble and then replace it. What is P(red, then red)?

• 9/25
• 1/9
• 3/10
• 1/72

What is an early sign of congestive heart failure that requires attention?

• Weight gain of 2 pounds over 2 weeks
• Edema of the legs that resolves when elevated
• Moist crackles in the lungs
• Decreased urine output

S3 is a sign of what:

• early CHF
• myocardial infarction
• atrial fibrillation
• ventricular tachycardia

Events of cardiac cycle

• 1. Atrial events 2. Ventricular events

Cardiac output is the product of two factors: stroke volume and_____

• heartrate

what is EJECTION PERIOD and its stages

• Due to the opening of semilunar valves and isotonic contraction of ventricles, blood is ejected out of both the ventricles. Hence, this period is called ejection period. Duration of this period is 0.22 second1. First Stage or Rapid Ejection Period 2. Second Stage or Slow Ejection Period

Alvin rolls a fair 6-sided die. What is P(roll greater than 6)?

• 0

Your business is looking into looking into three contracting firms. Based on previous research, there is a 75% chance that company 1 will earn you $40,000. There is a 45% chance that company 2 will earn you $60,000. Company 3 has a 30% chance of earning you $80,000. It costs $20,000 to draw up legal paperwork for each company. How much profit or loss would you expect after this deal is done?

• $81,000 profit
• $81,000 loss
• $21,000 profit
• $21,000 loss

Northeast Monsoon is __________ in Filipino.

• Hanging Amihan

HTN: An African American male presents with 3 separate readings of elevated blood pressure. You anticipate the healthcare provider to prescribe which medication?

• Beta blocker
• HCTZ
• ACEI
• ARB

What is the WHR of a person with waist circumference of 33in and hip circumference of 37in?

• 0.82
• 0.87
• 0.89
• 0.86

A box contains 5 purple marbles, 3 green marbles and 2 orange marbles. Draws are made without replacement.P(both marbles are purple)

• 2/9
• 1/3
• 1/2
• 1/4

The physician orders cardizem IV bolus at 0.25mg/kg for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate (afib with RVR). The patient weighs 132 lb (1kg = 2.2 lb). How many milligrams will you administer?

• 15

Ventricular Systole divides in to

• 1. Isometric contraction 2. Ejection period

The location of the erb’s point is at the 2nd ICS.

• True
• False

Based on the chart, what is the experimental probability of pulling a green marble?

• 1/8
• 8/25
• 8/100
• 7/8

production of 1st heart sound ?

• Closure of atrioventricular valves

What happen to the valves in the heart during the phase of cardiac cycle shown in the diagram.

• Atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves open
• Atrioventricular valves open, semilunar valves close
• Atrioventricular valves close, semilunar valves open
• Atrioventricular valves close, semilunar valves close

The probability model based on experimental probability for randomly selecting a marble from a bag is P(green) = 1840frac{18}{40}4018​ , P(blue) = 1440frac{14}{40}4014​ , and P(white) = 840frac{8}{40}408​ . If there are 60 total marbles in the bag, how many would you expect to be white?

• 12

Which contract in unison??

• Top chambers, then bottom chambers.
• Right Chambers, then the Left Chambers
• All four chambers beat in unison.

Clouds that indicate good weather

• Cumulus, Stratus, Cirrus
• Cumulus, Nimbus, Cirrus
• Cumulus, Stratus, Nimbus
• Stratus, Cirrus, Nimbus

EKG changes that indicated MI (old and acute) include all of the following except:

• ST segment elevations
• ST segment depressions
• Q wave
• Prolonged QT interval

The results of a survey asking 500 people about their favorite ice cream flavor are shown in the table. Find P(strawberry) as a percentage.

• 12%

what are the divisions of Atrial events and Ventricular events

• Atrial systole, Atrial diastole, Ventricular systole, Ventricular diastole

Thunder occur together with lightning

• True
• False

Which is an important index for assessing the ventricular contractility

• Stroke volume
• Ejection fraction
• End­ diastolic volume and End­ systolic volume
• Ejection fraction and Stroke volume

Drake Marketing and Promotions has randomly surveyed 200 men who watch professional sports. The men were separated according to their educational level (college degree or not) and whether they prefer the NBA or the National Football League (NFL). The results of the survey are shown:What is the probability that a randomly selected participant prefers NFL?

• 0.5250

Bag A contains 9 red marbles and 3 green marbles. Bag B contains 9 black marbles and 6 orange marbles. Find the probability of selecting one green marble from bag A and one black marble from bag B.

• 3/20
• 1/4
• 3/31
• 2/27

What is the probability of getting an odd number on the first roll and less than 3 on the second roll?

• 1/6
• 2/6
• 3/5
• 3/6

State the phase of cardiac cycle shown in the diagram.

• Atrial systole, ventricular systole
• Atrial diastole, ventricular systole
• Atrial systole, ventricular diastole
• Atrial diastole, ventricular diastole

A problem with BMI, and is considered to be the most dangerous combination wherein an individual is skinny but has enlarged waist. In medical terms, this is called?

• Central Obesity

The AV node is located at...

• A
• B
• C
• D

What do you call the pulse that is palpated just above the antecubital fossa of the elbow?

• Brachial pulse

The 'Dub' sound of the heart's LUB DUB? are the....

• Atrioventricular valves closing
• Semilunar Valves closing
• Blood flowing through the Pulmonary Trunk and Aorta
• Blood Flowing down into the venticles

Divisions of ventricular diastoles

• Protodiastole = 0.04 Isometric relaxation = 0.08Rapid filling = 0.11 Slow filling = 0.19 Last rapid filling

Highest storm signal in the Philippines

• Signal # 3
• Signal #4
• Signal #5
• Signal #6

You will be handling the endurance/aerobic exercise session of a 43 year old man who works as a professor. His BMI is 25.0 and he experienced SOB after brisk walking (RPE: 3) for 5 minutes . His VS were normal with a resting heart rate of 100bpm. His radial pulse felt slightly stronger than thready. Determine his exercise heart rate. (ex. 60 - 61 bpm)

• 130 - 146 bpm

State the phase of cardiac cycle shown in the diagram.

• Atrial systole, ventricular systole
• Atrial diastole, ventricular systole
• Atrial systole, ventricular diastole
• Atrial diastole, ventricular diastole

SIGNIFICANCE of VENTRICULAR VOLUME CHANGES DURING CARDIAC CYCLE

• Volume of blood in the ventricles is an important factor to maintain cardiac output and blood circulation

PAGASA is an abbreviation for

• Philippine Astronomical, Geophysical and Atmospheric Administration
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Aeronautics Services Administration
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical and Astronomical Services Administration

In which condition persons feel difficult to cope up with physical stress like exercise

• atrial fibrillation

Let X and Y be the following sets: X = {121, 144, 169}Y = {11, 12, 13, 121, 144, 169}Which of the following is the set X ∩ Y?

• {121, 144,169}
• {11, 12, 13, 121, 144, 169}
• {}
• {11, 12, 13}

Which description best matches with cardiac output?

• The amount of blood leaving the heart every minute
• How many times the heart pumps in 1 minute
• The amount of blood moved by one ventricle when it contracts.

You will be handling the endurance/aerobic exercise session of a 43 year old man who works as a professor. His BMI is 25.0 and he experienced SOB after brisk walking (RPE: 3) for 5 minutes . His VS were normal with a resting heart rate of 100bpm. His radial pulse felt slightly stronger than thready. What is the grade of his pulse?

• 2+

End­ diastolic volume

• is the amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of diastole. It is about 130 to 150 mL per ventricle

Kevin is at a charity fundraiser and has a chance of receiving a gift. The odds in favor of receiving a gift are 6/17. Find the probability of Kevin receiving a gift.

• 6/23
• 17/23
• 17/6
• 23/6

Rushing of blood into ventricles causes production of

• 1st heart sound
• 2nd heart sound
• 3rd heart sound
• 4th heart sound

HTN: Which combination should not be given together?

• Beta blocker and HCTZ
• HCTZ and CCB
• ACEI and CCB
• ACEI and ARB

What is Diastasis

• After the sudden rush of blood, the ventricular filling becomes slow. Now, it is called the slow filling. It is also called diastasis

PROTODIASTOLE ?

• Protodiastole is the first stage of ventricular diastole,hence the name protodiastole. Duration of this periodis 0.04 second. Due to the ejection of blood, thepressure in aorta and pulmonary artery increases andpressure in ventricles drops.

A swishing or whooshing sound caused by turbulent blood flow.

• Gallop
• Murmurs
• Splitting

You spin each spinner once. You get $50 if you spin a 2 and a vowel. You get $25 if you spin a 2 and a consonant. You get $5 if you spin a 1 and a vowel. Everything else earns $0. What is the expected value of this game?

• $80
• $8.75
• $10.25
• $12.50

The cuff pressure is inflated quickly to a pressure of about how much mmHg higher than the systolic pressure determined by baseline blood pressure of the pt.?

• 30 mmHg
• 20 mmHg
• 40 mmHg
• 60 mmHg

HTN: Which of the following lifestyle modifications has the best evidence in helping to lower a person's blood pressure?

• Jogging
• Yoga
• Meditation
• Pushups

Define Cardiac cycle

• Cardiac cycle is defined as the succession of (sequence of) coordinated events taking place in the heart during each beat. Each heartbeat consists of two major periods called systole and diastole. During systole, heart contracts and pumps the blood through arteries. During diastole, heart relaxes and blood is filled in the heart

The process of evaporation from the leaves of plants

• transpiration

Aortic pressure ?

• Aortic pressure is the pressure developed in the aorta. It is necessary to maintain the blood flow through the circulatory system

What is the cause of 4th heart sound

• Contraction of atrial musculature

Cardiac output increases during exercise.

• True
• False

Why are the walls of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle?

• The left ventricle must force blood into all the capillaries of the lungs
• the left ventricle doesn't skip leg day
• This is false, the walls of the right ventricle are thicker
• Blood from the left ventricle is pumped throught the entire body

The 'Lub' sound of the heart's LUB DUB? are the....

• Atrioventricular valves closing
• Semilunar Valves closing
• Blood flowing through the Pulmonary Trunk and Aorta
• Blood Flowing down into the venticles

Intra ventricular pressure ?

• Intraventricular pressure is the pressure developed inside the ventricles of the heart. It is essential for the circulation of blood, because the flow of blood through systemic and pulmonary circulation depends upon the pressure at which the blood is pumped out of ventricles. Thus, intraventricular pressure is essential for the circulation of blood.

Beta-blockers are contraindicated with which disease process?

• Asthma
• Palpitations
• Atrial fibrillation
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)