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Is the scientific study of the mind and behavior that a great popular for students, a popular subject in the public media, and a part of our everyday life.
In an experiment on attitudes, participants are given either positive or negative information about a speaker and then asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the speaker. In this experiment, which is the independent variable?
Conflict in which achieving a positive goal will produce a negative outcome as well.
The more hours that students work, the less successful they are academically. This is an example of what type of correlation?
Environmental psychology explores the effects of physical settings in most major areas of psychology including perception, cognition, learning, and others.
The sound wave is transduced into neural impulses in the ________, which is located in the cochlea in the inner ear.
The person expresses an unconscious wish in a socially valued way, such as a boxer who channeled his aggressive drive in the ring.
_________ is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts and emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
A response is an organism's reaction to a stimulus.
This theory taks about how an emotional reaction is a result of physiological reactions to stimuli
This is the Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality. It abides by reality principle as it tries to bring the individual pleasure within the norms of the society.
The type of reaction that pertains to the fact that the body reacts to stress with an alarm reaction, a phase of resistance to the stress, and a stage of exhaustion if coping is not successful.
These are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation.
This refers to the person’s observable characteristics which show the contributions of both nature (genetic heritage) and nurture (environment).
Theory that views motivated behavior as directed toward the reduction of a physiological need.
Sensory receptors located in the muscles, joints, and skin provide the brain with messages about movement, posture, and orientation of the body. These are called______________receptors.
A factor of personality characterized by being more likely than others to engage in social activities, experience gratitude, strong sense of meaning in life, and are more forgiving.
A defense mechanism wherein the emotional nature of stressful events is lessened at times by reducing it with the help of logic.
Directions: Fill in the blanks.
This is the harsh internal judge of our behavior. It is reflected in what we often call conscience and evaluates the morality of our behavior.
It provides an objective description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study.
The common criterion for determining mental retardation is ________.
The nucleus of neuron contains____________ the chemical that contains the genetic blueprint that directs the development of the neuron.
__ refers to anything people do to deal with or manage stress or emotions.
This is Jung’s name for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.
Forensic psychology applies psychology to the legal system. Forensic psychologists might help with jury selection or provide expert testimonies in trials.
Conflict in which an individual must choose between two negative outcomes of approximately equal value.
These processes involve changes in an individual’s biological nature.
Any changeable phenomenon that a scientist studies is called ______________.
The theoretical approach to psychological disorders that attributes psychological disorders to organic and internal causes.
These processes pertain to changes in individual’s thought, intelligence, and language.
Clinical psychology applies findings in all areas of psychology in the workplace.
This refers to the interpretation of sensation. It is an active process in which perceptions that are created often go beyond the minimal information provided by the senses.
This refers to the tendency of members of groups to work less hard when group performance is measured than when individual performance is measured.
_________ is a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits.
Health psychology examines how people become who they are, from conception to death, concentrating on biological and environmental factors.
These processes involve changes in an individual’s relationship with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality.
Someone who has difficulty exploring more than one possible solution to a problem is demonstrating_____.
These pertain to development of one’s potential to the fullest extent.
This pertains to the memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events.
_________ emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious or is beyond awareness, thus enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to out conscious awareness and they powerfully shape our behaviors.
According to _____________, pitch perception occurs when the brain notices which portions of the basilar membrane are being most excited by incoming sound waves.
__ refers to a method in which faulty cognitions, maladaptive beliefs, expectations and ways of thinking are changed by pointing out their irrationality.
__ is a form of therapy in which a trained professional uses methods based on psychological theories to help a person with psychological problems.
It is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations.
He/She concluded that archetypes emerge in art, literature, religion and dreams.
An eclectic approach integrates or combines several perspectives to provide a more complete picture of behavior.
Deductive reasoning starts at _________and goes to _____________.
A response is an organism’s reaction to a stimulus.
The emotional nature of stressful events is lessened at times by reducing it to cold logic
This involves anything that energizes or directs behavior.
Direction: Fill in the blanks.
This requires the individual to choose between alternatives that contain both positive and negative consequences.
This is the most primitive defense mechanism, in which the ego simply refuses to acknowledge anxiety- producing realities.
A kind of conflict that requires the individual to choose between alternatives that contain both positive and negative consequences.
The following except for one are the changes during the adolescence period.
__ behavior leads to real discomfort or anguish, either in the person directly or in others.
A form of psychotherapy that focuses on the accurate identification and communication of feelings and the improvement of current social relationships
He/She believed that we are all born with the raw ingredients of a fulfilling life – we simply need the right condition to thrive. Each person is born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment.
It is a conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts and events and at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated.
_______ pertains to the ability to grapple with the big questions of human existence, such as meaning of life and death, with special sensitivity to issues of spirituality.
It is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism. It pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind.
The ____________ is the smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected half of the time.
Critical thinking involves two mental habits such as _______and ______.
These are states of cellular or bodily deficiency that compel drives; these are what your body seeks.
These are tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
Community psychology is concerned with providing accessible care for people with psychological problems. Community-based mental health centers are one means of delivering such services as outreach programs.
Light waves are transduced into neural messages by two types of receptor cells, named rods and cones, in the ____________of the eye.
Sigmund Freud established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, in Germany.
Conflict in which the individual must choose between two positive goals of approximately equal value.
__ reactions occurs when the body reacts to stress with an alarmed reaction, a phase of resistance to the stress, and a stage of exhaustion if coping is not successful.
This is the urge to move towards one's goals.
A theoretical approach to psychological disorders that implies that these are influenced by biological factors such as genes, psychological factors such as childhood experiences and sociocultural factors such as gender.
It refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life, involving both growth and decline.
When a stimulus is continuously present or repeated at short intervals, the sensation gradually becomes weaker. This termed__________.
He/She is referred to as the father of American personality psychology.
This leads to changes in many aspects of our psychological states and process – changes in our emotions, motivations, and cognitions.
If mental age is the same as chrono;ogical age, the individual’s IQ is 100 or _________.
This is a special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person’s recollections of his or her life experiences.
Categories by which the mind groups things, events, and characteristics are called_____.
Environmentalpsychology explores the effects of physical settings in most major areas of psychology including perception, cognition, learning, and others.
The ____________theory of color vision proposes that there are three kinds of cones in the retina that respond primarily to light in either the red, green, or blue range of wavelengths.
It refers to the phenomenon in psychoanalysis in which the patient comes to feel and act toward the therapist in ways that resemble how he or she feels and acts toward other significant adults.
Clinicalpsychology applies findings in all areas of psychology in the workplace.
An example of concept is __________________.
Conflicts over dangerous motives or feelings are avoided by unconsciously transforming them into the opposite desire
This refers to yielding to group pressure to act as everyone else does.
This is the field of psychology that uses psychological principles to encourage healthy lifestyles and to minimize the impact of stress.
It consists of unconscious drives and is the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy. It works for the pleasure principle.
__ behavior interferes with everyday functioning and occasionally can be a risk to oneself or others.
The body functions best at a specific level of arousal, which varies from one individual to another .
A defense mechanism wherein stress is reduced by returning to an earlier pattern of behavior.
Gestalt is any object or event that is perceived by our senses.
A disorder that involves a sudden loss of memory or change of identity.
This includes food, water and sleep.
According ___________self-actualization is the motivation to develop one’s full potential as human being. A person at this optimal level of existence would be tolerant of others, have a gentle sense of humor, and be likely to pursue the greater good.
At this stage (2 – 7 years), the child is capable of symbolic thought – however, this thinking is still quite different from that of adults. It is often “illogical” in ways that reveal the unique nature of preoperational cognition
A preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people to organize and interpret information.
Forensic psychology applies psychology to the legal system. Forensic psychologists might help with jury selection or provide expert testimonies in trials.
Type of attention in which involves concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.
__ are culturally determined guidelines that tell people what behavior is expected of them.
It refers to the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life’s happenings – that is how individuals remember life’s episodes.
Multiple Choice;
This can be thought of as any event that strains or exceeds an individual’s ability to cope.
Shirley, a sales representative, uses MapQuest to get driving directions to her client’s office. She is using aNo_______________to reach her destinations.
A condition when individual forgets something because it is so painful or anxiety laden that remembering is intolerable.
According to_____________, the amount of the change in a stimulus needed to be detected half the time is in direct proportion to the intensity of the original stimulus.
Darwin’s theory speculated that certain behaviors or traits that enhance survival are naturally selected.
The tendency to worry and experience negative emotions.
Most individuals have progressed to full adult cognition, including the ability to reason using abstract concepts
Which of the following statements is true?
The needs for affiliation with friends, supportive family, group identification and intimate relationship.
It is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory.
He/She concluded that archetypes emerge in art, literature, religion and dreams .
The sound wave is amplified by the hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the _____________.
A type of effortful retrieval that occurs when we are confident that we know something but cannot quite pull it out of memory.
These are the perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need and creating an urge to relieve the tension.
The reproducibility of the test’s result is known as ______________.
He/She believed that the need for security, not for sex, is the prime motive of human existence.
This is characterized more likely than others to engage in social activities, experience gratitude, strong sense of meaning in life, and are more forgiving.
It occurs when a single sperm cell from the male merges with the female’s ovum (egg) to produce a zygote – a single cell with 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Paul believes that physical attractive people are selfish. He conducts a study to see if he is right. He goes up to five people he thinks are good looking and asks them for spare change. They all turn him down. Paul concludes “Aha! I knew it all along.” The operational definition of selfish in Paul’s study is _______________.
Erikson’s psychosocial stage when a child Learns to meet the demands imposed by school and home responsibilities; or comes to believe that he or she is inferior to others.
This defense mechanism involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.
Identify what is defined through its function.
Stress is reduced by explaining away the source of stress in ways that sound logical.
A classic research by Yerkes and Dodson which states that we function in accordance to a certain level.
The tendency for group discussion to make beliefs and attitudes more extreme.
American Psychologists Martin Seligman and Ed Diener introduced behaviorism.
Which of the following topics would a psychologist have the least interest in?
The needs for attention and recognition from others, & feelings of achievement, competence, & mastery.
__ means different from the norm or different from what most people do.
__ psychology is the field of psychology that uses psychological principles to encourage healthy lifestyles and to minimize the impact of stress.
It refers to a memory loss for a segment of the past but not for new events.
This occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later. taught earlier.
These are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron.
Cones are concentrated in the ___________.
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