Kinesiology

Role of Muscles: assist in the action of an agonist but are not necessarily prime movers of the action.- guiding muscles - assist in refined movement - rule out undesired motion

• Synergists

Overall congruence of the hip joint does what to the femroal head and acetabulum?

There are 4 properties of muscles that relate to its ability to produce force and effect movement. Which property is being described: - ability of muscle to return to its original resting length after stretching

• Elasticity

The weakness of adductor muscles causes:

The floor of the hip joint is ...

• Thin and nonarticular
• Thick and articular
• Thin and articular
• Thick and nonarticular
• None of the above

A musculoskeletal structure that stabilizes the joint.

• Joint
• Bone
• Muscles
• Ligaments

Which of the following is an origin of the triceps brachii

• Radius
• Sternum
• Ulna
• Humerus

These types of bones usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin. Examples include: ilium, ribs, sternum, clavicle, & scapula

• flat bones

Skeletal muscles are responsible for movement of the body and all its joints. What are the other functions?

A type of force that gives impacts that are in the center causing it to bend and fold.

• Shear
• Tensile
• Compressive

ARE BREAKS IN THE CONTINUITY OF THE BONE.

• FRACTURE

What is the difference between coxa valga and coxa vara?

• Coxa valga descrives excessive femoral neck angle and coxa vara describes normal femoral neck angle.
• Coxa valga describes excessive femoral neck angle and coxa vara describes a lack in femoral neck angle
• Coxa valga describes normal femoral neck angle and coxa vara describes excessive femoral neck angle
• Coxa valga describes normal femoral neck angle and coxa vera describes a lack in femoral neck angle
• Coxa valga describes a lack in femoral neck angle and coxa vara describes excessive femroal neck angle

Psychological kinesiology is an umbrella term for the study of human movement that encompasses one's _____________.

• psyche

All of the following functions of the brachioradialis muscle are correct EXCEPT:

• The brachioradialis muscle can function as an elbow joint stabilizer
• The angle of pull of the brachioradialis muscle allows for joint approximation
• The brachioradialis muscle operates as a force in a third-class lever system
• The brachioradialis muscle operates as a force in a second-class lever system

Which joint action occurs when the spine bends sideways?

• Adduction
• Horizontal extension
• Lateral flexion
• Rotation

What type of contraction is happening in the upward phase of a leg extension?

• Concentric
• Isometric
• Eccentric

Maximal length of the Triceps occurs in which of the following joint positions:

• Full shoulder extension, full elbow extension, position of forearm is inconsequential
• Full shoulder flexion, full elbow flexion, position of forearm is inconsequential
• Full shoulder extension, full elbow flexion, full forearm pronation
• Full shoulder flexion, full elbow extension, full forearm supination

factors in to a muscle's ability to move through a wide range of motion.

• Length of muscle and ability to shorten

The initials of the main organization for modern psychological kinesiology are:

• NASPSPA
• ACSM
• APA
• AASP

Condyle, Facet, Head

• Processes that form joints
• Processes to which ligaments, muscles, or tendons attach
• Cavities (depressions)

Flexion is _______

• An increase in joint angle
• A decrease in joint angle
• Movement away from midline
• Movement towards midline

The primary blood supply to the femoral head comes from where?

• Femoral artery
• Neck of the femur
• Arterioles surrounding the head of the femur
• Femoral vein
• Sciatic nerve

sum of muscle movement

• Aggregate

What are some differences in the hip joint from the shoulder joint?

• Hip is more stable and less mobile than shoulder joint
• Shoulder joint has more stability from muscles than hip joint
• Hip joint is more congruent than the shoulder joint
• All of the above are differences
• None of the above are differences

Position of the hip is dependant on which of the following?

• Pelvis
• Femur
• Muscles of the pelvis
• Ligaments
• Articular cartilage

Muscle Terminology: proximal attachment of a muscle. Functionally and historically the least movable part.

• origin

Muscle Terminology: sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that envelopes, separates, or binds together parts of the body

• Fascia

This type of contraction involves muscle developing tension to either cause or control joint movement.

• Isotonic Contraction

There are 4 properties of muscles that relate to its ability to produce force and effect movement. Which property is being described: - ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force against resistance

• Contractility

The bicep does elbow flexion. The opposite motion is elbow extension. Therefore, what is the antagonist to the bicep muscle?

• Triceps

What are some of the sub-disciplines of Sport Psychology? choose all the correct answers.

which law of motion is working in this image.

What is the joint action in the downward phase of a Tricep Dip?

• Elbow Extension
• Elbow Flexion

In order to earn the AASP's Certified Mental Performance Consultant credential, you must complete the following: (choose all the correct answers)

Muscle Terminology: distal attachment of a muscle. Functionally and historically the most movable part.

• Insertion

In what direction does the femoral head face?

• Medially and anteriorly
• Laterally and posteriorly
• Superiorly and medially
• Superiorly and anteriorly
• Medially and posteriorly

A Prime mover can be described as

• The opposing muscle to the agonist
• The muscle that causes a desired action
• The muscle that stabilizes a part of the body
• The muscle that assists a movement

The weakness of hip abductors causes:

The scientific study of human movement.

• Kinematics
• Kinesiology
• Kinetics

Which of the following are two joint hip flexors?

Which theory is described by this statement: "Intentions are considered the primary drive of human behavior."

• Self-Determination Theory
• Theory of Planned Behavior
• Health Belief Model
• Trans-Theoretical Model of Behavior Change

Circular muscles; technically endless strap muscles that surround opening and function to close them upon contraction. Ex: orbicularis oris

• Sphincter Muscles

Muscle Terminology: when tension is developed in a muscle as a result of a stimulus

• contraction

Muscles that assist in hip abduction include:

One joint hip extensors include which of the following?

It's important that Psychological Kinesiologists who primarily work in the area of Practice use science and evidence and participate in research to further the field.

• True
• False

What structure of the hip limit ROM?

• Ligaments
• Muscles
• Bony structures (acetabulum and femoral head)
• A and B are correct
• A and C are correct

The mechanism of how the force was applied is just as important as its ______________________.

• impact

Usually thin and broad, originating from broad, fibrous, sheet-like aponeuroses. Allows them to spread their forces over a broad area.Ex: Rectus abdominus

• Flat Muscles

These types of bones are small, cubical shaped, and solid bone that usually have proportionally larger articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone.Examples include: carpals & tarsals

• Short bones

The prime mover in the upward phase of shoulder flexion in a dumbbell chest press?

• Bicep
• Tricep
• Pectorals
• Trapezius

Which of the following characteristics describes the Pubofemoral ligament (check all the apply)?

• Strongest ligament
• Y shaped, with anterior and posterior portions
• Limits extension and abduction
• Limits extension and internal rotation
• Anterior fibers limit extension and external rotation, while superior fibers limit adduction

The two joints involved in a Dumbbell Chest Press are the

• Elbow and shoulder

What is the Prime Mover in a sit up?

• Rectus Abdominis
• Erector Spinae
• Quadriceps
• Latissimus dorsi

Extension takes place in the __________ plane.

• Sagittal
• Frontal
• Transverse

Which of the following best describes a movement away from midline?

• Abduction
• Adduction
• Flexion
• Supination

Fractures and dislocations are injuries that are life-threatening.

• True
• False

The stabiltiy of the hip joint is provided by what?

• Bony surfaces
• Strong ligaments
• Muscles that surround the joint
• Both bony surfaces and strong ligaments
• Bony surfaces, strong ligaments, and muscles that surround the hip joint

factors in to a muscle's ability to exert force

• cross sectional diameter

You asked your client to perform elbow flexion, in gravity eliminated postion. However, but no joint motion was seen and a muscle palpatation was felt. What MMT score would you give?

• 0
• 1
• 2-
• 2+

The socket of the acetabulum faces what directions?

• Medially, slightly inferior, and anteriorly
• Medially, slightly superior, and posteriorly
• Laterally, slightly superior, and posteriorly
• Laterally, slightly inferior, and anteriorly
• Laterally, slightly inferior, and posteriorly

Abduction mean to ____________

• Move towards midline
• Increase the joint angle
• Move away from midline
• Decrease the joint angle

Tibial torsion and foot alignment are affected by

• Frontal plane alignment
• Sagittal plane alignment
• Transverse plane alignment
• None of the above
• All of the above

A Sport Psychology Consultant is legally allowed to treat mental health issues.

• True
• False

This part of long bone is the growth plate or the thin cartilage that separates the diaphysis & epiphyses

• Epiphyseal plate

Acetabulum is formed by what structures?

The hip joint is deepened by which structure?

• Ligaments
• Muscles of the hip
• Acetabulum
• Femur
• Labrum

What joint action occurs in the upward phase of a calf raise?

• Dorsiflexion
• Protraction
• Plantarflexion

Mechanical effects of coxa valgus and coxa vara include all of the following except:

• Altered muscle moment arm
• Altered joint reaction force alignment
• Altered arrangement of cancellous bone arrays
• Decreased stabilty of the hip joint
• All of the above are mechanical effects

What joint action is happening in the upward phase of the sit up?

• Spine Extension
• Spine Flexion
• Spinal rotation
• Spinal retraction

A type of injury that occurs after a long period of exposure of the force.

• Chronic Injury

What type of muscle contraction is happening during the downward phase of a tricep dip?

• Concentric
• Eccentric

These types of bones are small bones embedded within tendons of a musculotendinous unit that provide protection as well as improve the mechanical advantage. Examples include: patella, flexor tendons of great toe and thumb

• sesamoid bone

Your client demonstrates full agaisnt gravity ROM of elbow flexion and can take moderated resistance. What MMT score would you give?

• 5
• 4
• 4-
• 3+

Normal hip ROM.

• Depends on age
• Does not vary
• Gender has small effect on

Which of the following describes the shape of the head of the femur?

• Complete sphere
• 1/3 sphere
• 2/3 sphere
• Cylindrical
• Ball

Minimum length of the pronator teres occurs in which of the following joint positions:

• Full elbow extension, full forearm supination, position of shoulder is inconsequential
• Full elbow flexion, full forearm pronation, positon of shoulder is inconsequential
• Full elbow flexion, full forearm supination, full shoulder flexion
• Full elbow extension, full forearm pronation, full shoulder extension

What is the prime mover during hip extension of a squat?

• Hamstrings
• Gluteals
• Iliopsoas
• Quadriceps

Adduction takes place in the __________ plane.

• Frontal
• Transverse
• Sagittal

Muscle Terminology: pertaining to muscles within or belonging solely to body part upon which they actEx: Lumbricals"Locals"

• Intrinsic

If fast supination is occuring with resistance (example: when using a screw driver to tighten a screw), which additional muscles is recruited for the action of supination?

• Brachioradialis
• Biceps
• Brachialis
• Supinator

What is the mechanism of injury in tennis elbow?

• Inflammation of biceps tendon at the head of the radius due to repeated and forceful elbow flexion
• Inflammation of the biceps tendon at the superior humeroradial joint due to repeated and forceful elbow flexion
• Inflammtion of the triceps tendon at the olecranon process due to repeated and forceful elbow extension
• Inflammation of the wrist extensors or wrist flexors at their origins (medial epidcondyle for wrist flexors; lateral epicondyle for wrist extensors) due to repeated forceful action of wrist extensors or wrist flexion

This type of contraction takes place when muscle develops tension as it shortens. It also occurs when muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance and causes movement against gravity or resistance.- "positive contraction"

• Concentric Contraction

What type of contraction is happening in the quads during the upward phase of the squat

• Eccentric
• Isometric
• Concentric

You are doing ROM and MMT assessment of shoulder flexion of a patient. The patient demonstrates full PROM of shoulder flexion. However, during AROM against gravity, patient can only flex shoulder from 0-100 degrees. Which of the following interpretation is correct:

• You should retest AROM of shoulder flexion using moderated resistance
• Patient has mechanical shoulder joint issues
• You can give the patient a MMT grade of 3- for shoulder flexion
• You can give the patient a muscle grade of 3 for shoulder flexion

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the differences between AROM and PROM:

• AROM is always larger than PROM because of muscle contraction
• A decrease in PROM and AROM of a joint may be due to joint contracture
• If PROM is WNL but AROM is limited, muscle strength may be the limiting factor
• PROM is equal to or larger than AROM because of stretch of soft tissues and relaxed muscles

These measures aim to capture information that cannot be attained through behavioral or self-report measures alone.

• psychophysiology

Which statement is correct about ROM and MMT assessment?

• MMT should be assessed before ROM to determine muscle strength in order to understand joint integrity
• MMT should be assessed before ROM to determine how much mobility is available in the joint in order to understand muscle strength
• ROM should be assessed before MMT to determine muscle strength and muscle contraction in order to understand joint function
• ROM should be assessed before MMT to determine the amount of joint mobility and joint integrity in order to understand muscle strength

What is the antagonist muscle during a calf raise?

• Gastrocnemius
• Tibialis
• Hamstring

Primary hip abductors include which of the following?

The hip joint is (check all that apply)...

The definition of a Normal Hard End feel is:

• Full ROM at a joint where soft tissue stops the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where a boney structure stops the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where tendons stop the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where cartilage stops the motion

Which of the following characteristics describe the Iliofemoral ligament (check all the apply)?

These types of bones have a long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends. Examples include: phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals, tibia, fibula, femur, radius ulna, & humerus

• long bones

More uniform in diameter with essentially all fibers arranged in a long parallel manner. Enables a focusing of power onto small, bony targets.Ex: Sartorius

• Strap Muscles

Muscle Terminology: specific movement of joint resulting from a CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION of a muscle which crosses jointEx: biceps action is elbow flexion, radioulnar supination

• Action

Muscle Terminology: central, fleshy portion of the muscle; increases in diameter as a muscle contracts

• Gastor

What makes the head of the femur more spherical?

• Hyaline cartilage
• Articular cartilage
• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Acetabulum

Tissues can't withstand varying degrees of stress and strain.

• True
• False

Weak hip flexors cause:

• Decreased hip extension
• Decreased hip flexion
• Decreased hip abduction
• Decreased hip adduction
• Decreased hip rotation

A type of force that causes opposing forces towards the different ends of the structure causing it to twist.

• Tensile
• Shear
• Compressive

Large bending moments in the neck of the femur are sustained by what?

• Articular cartilage
• Ligaments
• Joint capsule
• Trabecular bone
• Calcaneous bone

Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Process, Spine (spinous process), Suture, Trochanter, Tubercle, and Tuberosity

• Processes that form joints
• Processes to which ligaments, muscles, or tendons attach
• Cavities (depressions)

One of the most consistent psychological concepts that relates to successful outcomes in both sport and exercise. (two words or a hyphenated word.)

• self-efficacy

Flexion takes place in the ____________ plane.

• Frontal
• Transverse
• Sagittal

Muscle Terminology: tendinous expansion of dense fibrous connective tissue that is sheet or ribbon like, resembling a flattened tendon, serve as fascia to bind muscles together

• Aponeurosis

An example of an Abnormal End feel that is EMPTY is:

• Decreased ROM at a joint where cartilage stops the motion
• Decreased ROM at a joint where joint edema stops the motion
• Decreased ROM at a joint where pain stops the motion
• Decreased ROM at a joint where a ligament stops the motion

The weakness of hip extensors causes:

Muscle Terminology: segment of nervous system responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle.- a muscle may be innervated by more than one nerve and a particular nerve may innervate more than one muscle or portion of a muscle

• Innervation

Articular cartilage is the thickest where?

• Inside the acetabulum
• Head of the femur
• Neck of the femur
• On the rim of acetabulum
• All of the above

The following are purposes of Kinesiology except:

• To understand bone structures and movement.
• To move safely.
• To move efficiently.
• To move effectively.

Normal transverse plain alignment includes:

• Slight anteversion of 25 degrees
• Slight anteversion of 20 degrees
• Slight anteversion of 15 degrees
• Slight anteversion of 10 degress
• Slight anteversion of 5 degrees

Which of the following characteristics describes the Ischialfemoral ligament (check all the apply)?

• Strongest ligament
• Y shaped, with anterior and posterior portions
• Limits extension and abduction
• Limits extension and internal rotation
• Anterior fibers limit extension and external rotation, while superior fibers limit adduction

Paddy Ekkekakis and Steven Petruzzello noted that the post-exercise measures of mood/emotional state more likely captured a ___________ effect. People indicated feeling good (better than baseline) only because a potentially aversive stimulus (physical exertion) had recently been removed.

• rebound

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue that helps form the joint capsule?

• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Muscles
• Labrum
• Synovial fluid

A musculoskeletal structure that provides movement to the body.

• Joints
• Ligaments
• Muscles
• Bones

The examination of and practices associated with helping people optimize their relationships, their work, and their general activities and engagement with the social and physical world is often called:

• expert study
• talent education
• positive psychology
• exercise psychology

Ligaments of the hip joint provide which of the following functions?

• Limit hyperextension ROM and reinforce anterior capsule
• Limit ROM in all directions and reinforce anterior capsule
• Limit hyperextension ROM and reinforce posterior capsule
• Limit ROM in all directions and reinforce posterior capsule
• Limits hyperextension only

This part of long bone is the long cylindrical shaft

• diaphysis

Which of the following situation is a contraindication for performing a ROM assessment?

• Patients on a pain medication
• Presence of a hematoma
• Presence of a joint inflammation
• Presence of heterotrophic ossification

This plane of motion divides the body into front and back.

• Transverse
• Frontal
• Sagittal

Valgus and anteversion

• Change during development
• Never change
• Change in indication of pathological damage to the hip joint

___ skeletal muscle, constitute approx. 40-50% of our body weights.

• 700
• 600
• 500
• 400

A type of force that acts away from the center of the structure, causing a pull or stretch.

• Tensile
• Compressive
• Shear

A sprain and strain are examples of what type of injury?

• Acute

This type of contraction takes place when muscle lengthens under tension. It also occurs when muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of resistance. Controls movement with gravity or resistance.- "negative contraction"

• Eccentric Contraction

Increased tightness in hip flexors cause:

Vernon who suffered from a sprain only feels pain on his ankle when its moved. From this, what category of damaged tissue is he suffering from?

• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe

The articular surface of the hip joint is located where?

• On the inferior surface
• Along the rim
• Along the head of the femur
• On the posterior surface
• Along the medial and lateral sides of the joint capsule

This part of long bone cover the epiphysis to a provide cushioning effect & reduce friction

• articular cartilage

Kiinsiology is related to ?

• study of human bones
• study of history
• study of human movements
• study of healthy habits

There are 4 properties of muscles that relate to its ability to produce force and effect movement. Which property is being described: - sensitive or responsive to chemical (change in axons), electrical, or mechanical stimuli.

• Irritability/Excitability

These type of fibers are arranged parallel to length of the muscle; generally produce a wider ROM.Ex: flat, fusiform, strap, radiate, sphincter

• Parallel

Bones that are pushed out from their joint capsule are called ________.

• DISLOCATION

Two joint hip extensors include which of the following?

• Quads
• Hamstrings
• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Minimus
• Adductor Magnus

Should MMT be performed with the joint in closed packed position or an open packed position? WHY?

• MMT should be performed with the joint in open packed position so that the client can stabilize joint using joint soft tissue and/or boney structures
• MMT should be performed with the joint in closed packed position so that the client can stabilize the joint using joint soft tissue and/or boney structures
• MMT should be performed wit the joint in open packed position so that the client uses muscles and not joint soft tissue and/or boney structures to stabilize the joint
• MMT should be performed with the joint in closed packed position so that the client uses muscles and not joint soft tissues and/or boney structures to stabilize the joint

Have several tendons with fibers running diagonally between them.Ex: deltoid

• Multipennate

The definition of a Normal Soft End feel is:

• Full ROM at a joint where soft tissue stops the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where a boney structure stops the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where tendons stop the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where cartilage stops the motion

Human behavior exists on a continuum.

• True
• False

This part of long bone is the ends of the long bone and is formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone.

• Epiphysis

The joint capsule of the hip.....

Engaging with psychological kinesiology is acknowledging the importance of the ___________ ____________ in physical activity, exercise, and sport. (two words)

• human element

This plane divides the body into right and left.

• Sagittal
• Transverse
• Frontal

Two situations in which completion of MMT assessment is contraindicated are:

• Patient is on pain medication and is fatigued
• Patient has joint pain and inflammation
• Patient has hypertension and diabetes
• Patient has joint hypermobility and COPD

Longer the lever, greater the.............

• Strength

Exercise Psychology investigates the influences of one's psyche towards ___________ as well as how ____________ influences one's psyche. (same answer for both blanks)

• fitness
• wellness
• exercise
• cardio

Sprain is to bruising; strain is to __________.

• swelling
• muscle spasms
• bleeding
• blood clotting

A concentric contraction can be described as

• A muscle that generates force and lengthens
• Muscle actions involving movement at a constant speed
• A muscle that generates force and stays the same length
• A muscle that generates force and shortens

The joint action during the downward phase of the Lat pull down is

• Shoulder adduction and flexion
• Shoulder abduction and extension

Lifting phase of the squat:

• Concentric Contraction
• Eccentric Contraction

Also described sometimes as being triangular, fan shaped or convergent. Originate on broad aponeuroses and converge onto a tendon. Ex: pec, trap

• Radiate Muscles

Tightness in hip abduction causes:

The original model of Trans-Theoretical Behavior Change proposed how many stages?

• 5

In our institution, who get the Vikram Award in Basketball ?

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This part of long bone is between the walls of the diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow.

• medullary cavity

The musculoskeletal structure that attaches the bone to the muscle

• Joints
• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Muscles

External Rotators of the hip include:

A tissue can only be damaged when it receives an impact stronger than what it can absorbed.

• True
• False

The tightness of hip extensors causes:

What is the joint action during the downward phase of a leg extension?

• Hip Flexion
• Hip Extension
• Hip Adduction
• Hip Abduction

•During acute injuries, the body will initiate the healing process through the ___________________.

• Swelling Response
• Bruising Response
• Inflammatory Response
• Immediate Response

What are the three roles fulfilled by most people who work in Psychological Kinesiology? (choose all the correct answers)

Facet, Foramen, Fossa, Fovea, Meatus, Notch, Sinus, and Sulcus

• Processes that form joints
• Processes to which ligaments, muscles, or tendons attach
• Cavities (depressions)

Minimal length of the Biceps occurs in which of the following joint positions:

• Full shoulder extension, full elbow flexion, full forearm pronation
• Full shoulder flexion, full elbow flexion, full forearm supination
• Full shoulder flexion, full elbow extension, full forearm supination
• Full shoulder extension, full elbow extension, full forearm pronation

___ pairs of muscles work in cooperation with one another to perform opposite actions at the joints they cross.

• 315
• 300
• 215
• 200

Newton's Second Law of motion is related to

Achilles Tendinitis is an example of what type of injury?

• Overuse Injury

Muscle Terminology: tough yet flexible bands of fibrous connective tissue, often cord like in appearance, connect muscles to bones and other structures

• Tendon

This type of contraction takes place when tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant (no movement).

• Isometric Contraction

Sport Psychology is a science.

• True
• False

Which of the following describes the documentation of elbow ROM as 30 degrees- 105 degrees

• Pt. has -105 degrees of elbow flexion
• Pt. has -30 degrees of elbow extension
• Pt. can fully flex elbow
• Pt. can fully extend elbow

The definition of a Normal Firm End feel is:

• Full ROM at a joint where soft tissue stops the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where a boney structure stops the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where tendons stop the motion
• Full ROM at the joint where cartilage stops the motion

When applying resistance during a MMT, should you place your hand proximal or distal the joint of the muscle being tested? WHY?

• Your hand needs to be placed on the distal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you have better mechanical advantage
• Your hand needs to be placed on the proximal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you can eliminate muscle subsitutions
• Your hand needs to be placed on the proximal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you have better mechanical advantage
• Your hand needs to be placed on the distal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you will be able to palpate the muscle

All stimuli induce a gut response of "pleasant" or "unpleasant" that is immediate and subconscious. What is this gut response called? (2 words)

• Basic Affect

Lowering phase of the squat:

• Concentric Contraction
• Eccentric Contraction

The type of contraction during the upward phase of a Lat pulldown

• Eccentric
• Concentric

Why is elbow positioning critical for optimal function of the extrinsic muscles of the hand? What is the optimal position of the elbow for extrinsic hand function?

• Because extrensic muscles insert distal to the elbow joint, elbow position can impact the length tension relationship of the extrinsic muscles. Elbow flexion at 100 degrees is optimal position.
• Because extrinsic muscles of the hand do not cross the elbow joint, elbow position is not critical
• Because extrinsic muscles of the hand do not cross the elbow joint, elbow position can impact the length tension relationships of the extrinsic muscles. Elbow flexion at 75 degrees is optimal position.
• Because extrinsic muscles of the hand cross the elbow joint, elbow position can impact length tension relationships of extrinsic muscles. Elbow flexion at 90 degrees is optimal position.

Ratio between the diameter of the acetabulum and depth is lowest when?

• At birth
• Puberity
• After skeletal maturity (early-mid 20s)
• After age 40
• After age 65

Which of the following is a situation in which the therapist should proceed with caution when measuring ROM?

• No limitations with occupational performance
• Unhealed fracture
• Joint dislocation
• Inflammatory process in joint

Abduction takes place in the ____________ plane.

• Frontal
• Sagittal
• Transverse

Lateral rotation takes place in the ___________ plane of motion.

• Sagittal
• Frontal
• Mid Saggital
• Transverse

The Prime Mover in the upward phase of elbow extension in a Dumbbell Chest Press?

• Biceps
• Triceps
• Trapezius

The ligament to the head of the femur

• Provides mechanical support and blood supply to femoral head
• Provides stabilization and limits hip extension
• Provides little mechanical support and helps stabilize the hip joint
• Provides lirrle mechanical support and inadequate blood supply to femoral head
• Provides stabilization and inadeqaute blood supply to femoral head

These types of fibers are shorter fibers that are arranged obliquely to their tendons; similar structure to a feather; generally have a wider cross section and therefore more force production capability.

• Pennate

When performing muscle strength testing on the brachialis muscle, how should you position the forearm?

• Forearm should be positioned in supination
• Forearm should be positioned in pronation
• Forearm should be positioned in mid-position
• Forearm position does not matter

IF a paitent is able to move a joint in full active range of motion against gravity, what number grade is automatically given, before applying resistance?

• 3
• 3+
• 2+
• 3-

Spindle-shaped with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end. Allows them to focus their power onto small, bony targets.Ex: Brachialis

• Fusiform Muscles

Surveys can be used to test theories.

• True
• False

Functions of the elbow complex include all of the following EXCEPT:

• The rotation at the elbow complex allows for orientation of the hand during activities
• The elbow provides stability during UE weight-bearing activities
• Muscle movement of the elbow is functionally independent from movement of the shoulder or wrist
• The elbow provides mobility of the hand in space by lengthening and shortening the UE

What joint action is happening in the upward phase of a Back Extension

• Spine hyperextension
• Spine protraction
• Spine Flexion

Exercise Psychology research is thought to have been driven by this:

• NFL football
• Tour de France
• the "Fitness Craze"

Normal hip motion is linked to:

Fibers run obliquely on both sides from a central tendon.Ex: rectus femoris

• Bipennate

Role of Muscles: muscles that, when contracting concentrically, cause joint motion

• Agonists

A wound is an example of what type of injury?

• Acute Injury

Tissues and Fats has the capacity to lessen the impact of force.

• True
• False

If slow supination is occuring without resistance (example: positioning your hand in a palms up position to recieve change from the cashier), which muscle of the forarm is most active?

• Brachioradialis
• Biceps
• Brachialis
• Supinator

The TWO joints that come into play during a squat are the

• Hip and the Knee

This part of long bone is the hard, dense compact bone that form the walls of the diaphysis

• cortex

Role of Muscles: Surrounds joint or body part. Contract to fixate the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force and more.

• Stabilizers

An example of an Abnormal End feel that is SOFT is:

• Decreased ROM at a joint where cartilage stops the motion
• Decreased ROM at a joint where joint edema stops the motion
• Decreased ROM at a joint where pain stops the motion
• Decreased ROM at a joint where a ligament stops the motion

There are 4 properties of muscles that relate to its ability to produce force and effect movement. Which property is being described: - ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length

• extensibility

Fibers run obliquely from a tendon on one side onlyEx: Biceps femoris

• Unipennate

What is the Prime Mover during a Leg Extension?

• Quadricep
• Hamstring
• Iliopsoas
• Gluteal

Edric was trying to reach the light bulb when he lost his balance and sprained his ankle. Due to the circumstance that he was alone during that time, it took 30 minutes before help came. While he was inside the ambulance, the paramedics notice that Edric could no longer feel and move his ankle. What category of damaged tissue is he suffering from?

• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe

Two joint muscles in hip adduction include:

• Gracilis
• Adductor Brevis
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Magnus
• Pectineus

Walking typically uses how much hip flexion?

• 10-20 degrees
• 20-30 degrees
• 30-40 degrees
• 40-50 degrees
• 50-60 degrees

The two joints in play during a Lat Pull Down are the

• Elbow and Shoulder

Hip flexors include which of the following one joint muscles?

Norm Triplett, an early social psychologist to whom the origin of research and academics in sport and exercise psychology is traced back to, tested his hypothesis with children and what task?

• throwing a baseball
• reeling in a fishing line
• jumping on a trampoline
• doing jumping jacks

What is the Prime Mover during a calf raise?

• Gastrocnemius/Soleus
• Tibialis
• Hamstring
• Quadricep

One joint hip adductors include:

Muscle Terminology: pertaining usually to muscles that arise or originate outside of body part upon which they actEx: Extensor digitorum"visitors"

• Extrinsic

Muscles that assist in internal rotations include:

Kinesiology is the study of _______________.

• How the body works
• How the body moves
• Origins and Insertions
• Disease and Illness

Historically, psychology emerged as a field of science/investigation and practice operating from the ____________ model, looking for what is "wrong" with someone and then alleviating the symptoms.

• deficit

The tightness of adductor muscles:

• Is not common
• Causes decreased swing leg or step length during gait
• Due to injury to Obturator N
• Causes low back pain
• Has no significant implications

A musculoskeletal structure that serves as the fulcrum of movement.

• Joints
• Tendons
• Bones
• Muscles

This part of long bone is the dense, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the diaphysis

• periosteum

Roles of Muscles: muscles that have the opposite concentric action from antagonists.- Located on the opposite side of the joint as the agonists- Work cooperatively with agonist muscles to by relaxing and allowing movement

• Antagonists

Your client demonstrates against gravity ROM of shoulder abduction for only this amount of AROM:0-80 degrees. What MMT score would you give?

• 3+
• 2+
• 3
• 3-

What is the normal femoral neck angle?

• 15 degress
• 45 degrees
• 90 degrees
• 125 degress
• 150 degress

Osteoarthritis is an example of what type of injury?

• Overuse Injury