Early Childhood Education

Children who are raised in stressful or non-stimulating, unreliable environments with non-responsive caregivers will still have the same life chances as other children.

• False
• True

6 continued with follow-up assistance in elementary schools

• A
• B
• C
• D

What percent of public school students utilize special education in the US?

• 14%
• 16%
• 9%
• 24%

Rapid proliferation of new neural connections.

• Myelination
• Neurulation
• Synaptogenesis
• Pruning

Why are two-year-olds less likely to have temper tantrums then eighteen-month-olds?

• Two-year-olds are more self-centered.
• Two-year-olds can engage in cooperative play.
• Two-year-olds are better able to communicate.
• Two-year-olds have fewer phobias.

Which statement describes a common difference between one-year-olds and three-year-olds?

• One-year-olds typically exhibit empathy, but three-year-olds do not.
• One-year-olds prefer to play with others, but three-year-olds prefer independent play.
• One-year-olds dislike sharing toys, but three-year-olds are learning to share.
• One-year-olds find it easy to make friends, but three-year-olds have a more difficult time because of shyness.

What allows for aggression to diminish in toddlers?

• Play
• Therapy
• Homework
• Outlet for aggression

The federal government does not pay directly for childcare services but transfers money to the provinces and territories to use as they see fit.

• True
• False

According to the information-processing theory, what neural structure is responsible for memory during early childhood?

• Hippocampus
• Amygdala
• Cerebellum
• Frontal lobe

Complete the sentence "Children with learning disabilities can, and do _______________

• Succeed

word relating to a wide range of math challenges, such as issues comprehending the meaning of numbers and using mathematical principles to solve problems

• Dyscalculia

_____ means the ability to control ones mood and to manage behaviour.

• Self discipline
• Self control
• Self regulation
• Self emotion

Every time his mother startsbtaking care of the new baby, three-year-old Manuel begins insisting that he is hungry and must be fed immediately. What emotion is Manuel most likely feeling?

• empathy
• jealousy
• disgust
• interest

There are a few things that help in the motor development of children. What is categorized by adults looking for meaning into the art of a child?

• Adult encouragement
• Exposure
• Practice
• Pressure
• Gender socialisation

State and explain the major factors playing a role in physical development?

What does the drawing stage leads to?

• Writing stage

Which of the following explains 'Language'?

At what age do children can catch, throw, jump, hop and run well

• 2-6 years old
• 3-5 years old
• 6+
• 3+

What causes a delay in theory of mind formation?

• Autism, frontal lobe damage

A learning disability characterized by trouble reading as a result of difficulties detecting speech sounds and understanding how they connect to letters and words (decoding)

• Dyslexia

What helps in further development of gross and fine motor skills?

Critical listening happens when the ___ .

• child gives an answer that has nothing to do with his own opinion
• child disagrees with another's statement
• child makes a comment about how he enjoyed what he heard
• teacher plans lots of questions where children can give imaginative answers

Children age 7 years to 12 years old are in which stage Piaget's of Cognitive Development?

• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational
• Concrete Operations
• Formal Operations

11 Most ‘Missouri’ programme three-year-olds scored highly in areas such as listening, speaking, reasoning and interacting with others.

• True
• False
• Not

Language used by parents to their young child is called ____ .

• adult led
• parentese
• child led
• baby talks

4 a description of the positive outcomes of an education programme

• E

Tim (4 years old) was asked to solve the following problem; If Janet is taller than Paul and Paul is taller than Carl, who is the tallest. Tim answered it was Carl. What problem is Tim displaying?

• Seriation
• Transivity
• Reversibility
• Law of conservation
• Egocentric speech

1 details of the range of family types involved in an education programme

• D

Reduction of unused synapses.

• Myelination
• Neurulation
• Synaptogenesis
• Pruning

A teacher can promote listening by ___ .

• demanding a listening attitude
• using a signal that alerts children and focuses attention
• encouraging a child to repeat what he hears
• telling a child she is not listening

What disability type has the highest percentage of impact?

• Developmental Delay
• Autism
• Specific Learning Disability
• Speech or Language Impairment

Tim (4 years old) was shown the image of 4 dogs and 3 monkeys. He was then ask to state if there we more dogs than animals. Looking at the age of Tim what type of problem is he more likely to display?

• Seriation
• Transivity
• Reversibility
• Law of conservation
• Class inclusion

Alertness and consciousness.

• Hippocampus
• Cerebellum
• Corpus collosum
• Pituitary gland
• Retucular formation

What is the role of language in Lev Vygotsky's theory?

• Hels in cognitive chalenges, and regulate behavior

Characteristics or qualities of objects, such as color, position, roundness, shape, size, number of corners; e.g., a child notices that the plate is round.

• patterns
• attributes
• classify
• match

Speech intended for yourself.

• Private speech
• Silent speech
• Inner speech
• Common speech

If a child has difficulty thinking abstractly what is imparied?

• Hippocampus
• Cerebellum
• Prefrontal lobe
• Motor cortex
• Sensory cortex

What do we name math learning disabilities?

• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia
• Dyscalculia

This type of program is typically found in a commercial building, is led by a director and has the children grouped by age.

• Family Childcare
• Head Start
• Child Care Center
• Laboratory School

In _____, there are qualitative (measurable) changes in the way children think. The child is considered an active learner going through stages.

• Cognitivism
• Behaviorism
• Information processing
• Constructivism

In which sleep cycle is a child likely to dream?

• REM
• NREM
• deep
• deprived

When speaking, the teacher should ...

• attempts to use natural language patterns.
• speak loudly and clearly.
• make sure each child responds by speaking.
• refrain from giving child recognition for their good ideas.

Which of the following best describes 'scaffolding' by Lev Vygotsky?

• The adult attempts to build upon what a child already knows.
• Scaffolding is a teaching technique which direct children to solutions.
• Teachers help children to express better with scaffolding.
• Scaffolding promotes longer attention span.

Why is it important that parents provide children with guidance?

• So that they learn they will be punished if they behave badly.
• So that they learn self-discipline.
• So that they learn to be empathetic to others.
• So that they learn to be self-centered.

What do we call the learning disabilities in Reading?

• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia
• Dyscalculia

In the 1960's, the federal government designed the Head Start program to overcome the negative effects of poverty on young children. The program mainly provides childcare and education for four- and five-year old children from low-income families with an emphasis on which of the following?

• Nutrition and Health
• Parental Involvement
• Education
• All of these answers are correct

IDEA governs which institutions:

• Schools and Homes
• States and Public Institutions
• Public Institutions and State Agencies
• States and Public Agencies

From the following statement describe what the underline portion is describing. Jack and his classmate are playing dodgeball which was decide by their gym teacher. The class have played a few times before and are slowly get better at it. Even though the instructor often intervenes.

• Apprenticeship
• Guided participation
• Intersubjectivity
• Language based

What is the major influence bringing conservation, reversibility as a problem?

• Appearance-reality confusion
• Centration
• Identity non-consistency
• Law of conservation
• Class inclusion

13 The richer families in the ‘Missouri’ programme had higher stress levels.

• True
• False
• Not given

Are umbrella terms for a wide variety of learning problems

• Learning Disabilities
• Learning Difficulties
• Learning Problems

_Select the true statement about babbling.

• Why babbling occurs is not clearly understood.
• Babbling predicts how early a child will start talking.
• Babbling rarely lasts beyond 1 year of age.
• Babbling is unimportant.

How could self-concept be defined?

• how you see yourself
• your ability to communicate with friends and family members
• how others see you
• your ability to understand how others feel

3 reasons why an education programme failed

• C

Which shows lack of personal growth?

• Being able to admit mistakes
• Being goal-driven
• Being happy for the success of others
• Giving in to peer pressure

Tim (4 years old) and an his friend, Camille (4 years old), are each place on the opposite side of a carboard wall. Each are given blocks of colors to put together, only difference is that Tim has the instruction in front of him and needs to help Camille put the puzzle together. Tim starts by stating: "Put this piece first, than that one on top". What type of difficulty is Tim showing?

• Seriation
• Transivity
• Egocentric speech
• Law of conservation
• Class inclusion

At what age do children really master theory of mind?

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4-5
• Age-6-7

Capacity to manage one’s emotional state.

• External tendencies
• Empathy
• Emotional outburst
• Internal tendencies
• Emotional regulation

What theorist used a discovery-based curriculum?

• Erik Erikson
• Uri Bronfenbrenner
• Jean Piaget
• Maria Montessori

IDEA is short for what?

• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

At what age do children understand that they and others have desires, and desires connect to behaviours?

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4-5
• Age-6-7

At what age do children develop the following fine motor skills?Use zippers

• 2-6 years old
• 3-5 years old
• 6+
• 3+
• 2 years old

In acquiring language, the child ...

• learns only through imitation.
• is one participant in a two-part process.
• learns best when parents ignore the child's unclear sounds.
• does not learn by imitating.

This stage is characterized by limited reasoning, conservation, mathematical transformation

• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational
• Concrete Operations
• Formal Operations

Process during which a more skilled master teaches to a less skilled “apprentice". Which of the following correspond to the statement above?

Sociologists find the most fairly divided labour arrangements for housework are among ________.

• couples in their first year of living together
• spouses that have been living together for over 30 years
• married spouses
• younger spouses
• common-law spouses

How much support do YOU believe is given to families and educators of students with disabilities?

At what age do children develop the following fine motor skills?Use buttons

• 2-6 years old
• 3-4 years old
• 6+
• 3+
• 2 years old

Which of the following is not part of recommended assessment implementation practices?

• Guidelines for Appropriate Assessments
• Assessment purpose
• Assessment Implementation
• Progress Monitoring

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ADHD?

• Difficulty focusing
• Low serotonin
• Low dopamine
• Trouble estimating time
• Deficits in executive functions

The Georgia Department of Education is the state education agency responsible for

• IDEA implementation
• ensuring that children 3 to 5 receive services
• general supervision and the monitoring of the IDEA provisions
• related services through local school districts

Writing learning difficulties can affect either the physical act of writing or the mental activity of interpreting information.

• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia
• Dyscalcula

What are the benefit of play for children?

• Understand social norms, practice adult roles, allow children with a sense of control,

When drawing what age is characterized by better control of hands

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4
• Age 5

can manifest as spelling problems and/or difficulty expressing thoughts on paper ______________ is a neurological disease that typically manifests itself while youngsters are learning to write. Although experts are unsure of what causes it, early treatment can help avoid or decrease difficulties.

• Dysgraphia

It is known as Child and Youth Welfare and was issued in December 1974.

• Presidential Decree No. 603
• Republic Act 9995
• Educational Decree of 1863
• Republic Act 10175

7 did not succeed in its aim

• A
• B
• C
• D

Tim (age 4) has learned that to transform a verb from present to the past tense he just needs to as "-ed" to the end. When he is presented with the verb "eat" on his test he wrote "eated". What is Tim displaying?

• Phonemes
• Mean length of utterance
• Over-extension
• Under-extension
• Overregulation

Tim (age 4) believes that the word "dog" only applies to his pets dog Fido. What is Tim displaying?

• Phonemes
• Mean length of utterance
• Over-extension
• Under-extension
• Overregulation

The funding approach of childcare in which subsidies are provided to parents directly is known as ________.

• demand side

It is more important for young children to ___ .

• like to speak than to speak correctly
• sit quietly during activities than at circle time
• speak rather than listen
• feel comfortable with the teacher than their peers

A teacher's goals when sharing books with children can include to ___ .

• give criticism
• promote poor behaviour
• build child discomfort
• make them aware of print

Speech silent done inside.

• Private speech
• Silent speech
• Inner speech
• Common speech

According to the text, ________ has the lowest number of children in regulated care.

• Ontario
• Saskatchewan
• Quebec
• Alberta
• Nova Scotia

How many disability categories are under IDEA?

• 12
• 13
• 14
• 15

When drawing what age is characterized by holding the image in the min?

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4
• Age 5

What is a sign that a child has a healthy relationship with his parents?

• generally accepting limits
• turning to the parent when needing help
• sharing daily events with the parent
• all of the above

At what age do most children begin engaging in cooperative play?

• 2
• 3
• 5
• 6

Teacher reinforce learning by ___ .

• solving problems
• giving attention to the child's use of new word
• motivating children to listen
• asking about children's ideas

By what age do children start walking quickly?

• 2 years old
• 6 years old
• 9 years old
• 13 years old

What is the role of an Inclusion Specialist?

Tim (age 4) has to figure out how many chairs there are in a room. He counts the chairs one at a time and lends on 5, with no other chairs to count. He then concludes there are 5 chairs. What principle is he using?

• Stable-order
• One-to-One principle
• Cardinality principle
• Class inclusion
• Transivity

Early intervention refers to which age group?

• Children 3 to 21
• 3 year olds
• Children 3 and under
• Children 5 to 18

At preschool, Lau does not play with the blocks during story time because he knows this is not allowed. What social skill has Lau learned?

• to respect others' belongings
• to obey rules
• to use words to express his feelings
• to respect others' feelings

How does adult guidance help children with their moral development?

• It encourages them to be more independent in dressing and feeding themselves.
• It helps children over come stranger anxiety.
• It helps them development a conscience.
• all of the above

A great tip for preparing to read to young children is

• Get to know the story and practice
• Keep the book in a safe place so that children do not tear the pages
• Use different voices and keep the tempo lively
• Use a prop to introduce the story

Ability to recognize logical relationships among elements in a serial order, and use one as a reference for the other.

• Seriation
• Transivity
• Reversibility
• Law of conservation
• Egocentric speech

What does the term autonomy mean?

• self-discipline
• independence
• self-centered
• all of the above

Tim (age 4) has learned that to transform a word from singular to plural the grammatical rule that needs to apply is adding a "s". When he is presented with the word "foot" on his test he wrote "foots". What is Tim displaying?

• Phonemes
• Mean length of utterance
• Over-extension
• Under-extension
• Overregulation

In _____, learning is gradual and continuous; development is a sequence of specific conditional behaviors.

• Constructivism
• Cognitivism
• Behaviorism
• Information processing

Which statement is true concerning anger?

• When a two-year-old exhibits anger, it is a sign of poor socialization.
• It is best to let a three-year-old express anger by screaming and kicking.
• A parent should teach children to express anger though words.
• Children typically begin to express anger at about age three.

No child should be denied a ___________ early education.

• Quality

Which words belong in the acronym IDEA?

At what age do children understand there is a division between real and imagined things?

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4-5
• Age-6-7

9 received insufficient funding

• A
• B
• C
• D

Assessment that occurs within the context of daily activitis and routines is called

• Periodic testing
• Fact based assessment
• Authentic assessment
• User friendly

While visiting a relative, fifteen-month-old Bobbie wants to play with some breakable decorations. What is the best way to deal with this situation?

• Remove the items from the child's reach.
• Give the child a time-out.
• Repeatedly tell the child "No" while slapping her hands.
• Explain to the child that she is not allowed to touch the objects.

What is your favorite app for reviews??

If a toddler is having a temper tantrum at a store because you will not purchase a toy, what is the best way to handle it?

• Immediately stop what you are doing and tell the child to settle down.
• Take the child to w quiet spot to cool down.
• Let the child have his way in order to stop the tantrum.
• Act as though everything is normal and do not pay attention to the child.

What allows for socioemotional development during Erikson’s stage of Initiative vs. Guilt?

• Self-awareness

An assessment that is applicable to real life, in a natural environment, and interesting to students is what kind of assessment?

• Play-Based Assessment
• Authentic Assessment
• Interview
• Observational Assessment

Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval result in a sense of guilt.

• Jean Piaget
• Erik Erikson
• Lev Vygotsky
• Sigmund Freud

Research estimates the economic contributions of working mothers to be over ________ per year.

• $250 billon
• $3 Billion
• $1 Billion
• $500 Billion
• $100 Billion

Tim (age 4) accidently pushed Camille while playing on the playground. She fell and scraped her knee. Later during the day Tim has been distant and felt a high sense of guilt. What tendency is Tim showcasing?

• Internal tendencies
• External tendencies
• Internal and external tendencies
• Aggression

What is the approximate date of frontal lobe maturation?

• 2 years old
• 22 years old
• 25 years old
• 10 years old

What is true concerning imaginary friends?

• Typically only child who have no real friends have imaginary friends.
• Most children begin having imaginary friends at about age six.
• Imaginary friends usually fade away at about age five.
• Imaginary friends usually fade away at about age nine.

A book's format ___ .

• is defined by its content
• includes the author's name
• includes size and shape
• is its price

What two factors are most important in determining a child's emotional development?

• experience and temperament
• opportunities for socializationand education
• parents and caregivers
• abilities and phobias

A ________ communication helps to improve relationships with children.

• assertive, two way, active

The National Centre for Child Care Inclusion established a quality scale to assess the inclusivity for children with special needs. The scale includes all of the following benchmarks EXCEPT for: ________.

• The same hours/days of attendance that are available to other children should be available
• Full participation in all activities and routines should be possible
• Minimal parental involvement should be achieved
• All children should be included
• Childcare centres should work with all levels of government to promote ongoing support for children with special needs

Memory, image of space.

• Hippocampus
• Cerebellum
• Corpus collosum
• Pituitary gland
• Retucular formation

At what age do children only use their lower arm?

• 2-6 years old
• 2-5 years old
• 6+
• 3+
• 2-3 years old

12 ‘Missouri’ programme children of young, uneducated, single parents scored less highly on the tests.

• True
• False
• Not given

When drawing what age is characterized by increase in complexity of pattern?

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4
• Age 5

Balance & control of body movement.

• Hippocampus
• Cerebellum
• Corpus collosum
• Pituitary gland
• Retucular formation

Which of the following is a sign and symptom of learning impairments in children aged 5 to 9 years old?

• Dislikes reading and writing
• Trouble learning the connection between letters and sounds
• Difficulty rhyming

What Legislative act occurred in 2001 that held schools accountable for students reaching a certain level of competency?

• Public Law 99-457
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
• Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act
• No Child Left Behind

When drawing what age is characterized by large movements?

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4
• Age 5

2 reasons why a child’s early years are so important

• B

List one of the four areas assessment is used to inform

• Screening

Come from humiliation and result in fury.

• Guilt
• Initiation
• Shame
• Doubt

At what age do children develop the following fine motor skills?(Un)dress themselves

• 2-6 years old
• 3-4 years old
• 5 years old
• 3+
• 2 years old

At what age do children understand that behavior is based on beliefs, even if beliefs are wrong.

• Age 2
• Age 3
• Age 4-5
• Age-6-7

Which section of IDEA ensures that all preschool‐aged children (3 through 5 years old) with disabilities receive special education and related services.

• Part B, Section 219
• Part B, Section 619
• Section 619
• Part A, Section 619

The written symbols that represents a number

• patterns
• numberal
• predictions
• nonstandard measurement

Tim (4 years old) is playing with his father. His father puts on a scary mask and suddenly Tim is afraid. What problem is Tim displaying?

• Appearance-reality confusion
• Transivity
• Identity non-consistency
• Law of conservation
• Class inclusion

What are the cons in Paget's theory of early childhood?

• Underestimate cognitive ability of children, and doesn't take in consideration sociocultural differences

True or false.By the age of 4 children are not able to regulate their emotions

• True
• False

Tim (age 4) was exposed to a tomato by his parents who thought him that what he was looking at was called a tomato. Later when presented with any red and even slight round in shape Tim calles it a tomato. What is Tim displaying?

• Phonemes
• Mean length of utterance
• Over-extension
• Under-extension
• Overregulation

Releases growth hormone, hyroid-stimulating hormone.

• Hippocampus
• Cerebellum
• Corpus collosum
• Pituitary gland
• Retucular formation

Explain the motor development of early childhood.

Who benefits from the inclusion of children with disabilities in supportive early childhood settings?

• the child
• the peers
• communities
• all the above

Which statement is true concerning sleep problems in a three-year-old?

• Sleep problems will usually go away if ignored.
• Emotionally healthy children do not have sleep problems.
• Changing a child's bedtime routine is often helpful in reducing sleep problems.
• Most sleep problems in children were normal.

In a two-year-old, what is aggressive behavior, such as biting, a sign of?

• that the child is not old enough to play with others children
• that the child needs to be evaluated by a psychiatrist
• that the child is hungry
• that the child is probably frustrated or angry

At what age do children develop the following fine motor skills?Tie own shoes

• 2-6 years old
• 3-4 years old
• 6 years old
• 3+
• 2 years old

Except for one, the following are indications and symptoms of learning impairments in preschool age:

• Problems pronouncing words
• Trouble finding the right word
• Slow to learn new skills

What is the name of Georgia’s statewide inter-agency service for infants and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities, and their families.

• Babies Can't Wait

Short descriptions by teachers or others of an observed event or incident with one or more children are called

• Snapshots
• Anecdotal notes
• Planning process
• Mirror images

A language assessment instrument can be ___ .

• a checklist
• a child interest inventory
• teacher made
• all the above

5 was administered to a variety of poor and wealthy families

• A
• B
• C

Which of the following are do's for math in early childhood:

Explain the following image.

Theorist who side with ____ propose that development stems from innate genetics or heredity.

• Nature
• Nurture
• Attachment
• Cognitive development

How might a parent encourage independence in a three-year-old?

• Put her milk in a cup with a spill-proof lid.
• Cut meat into small pieces so she can easily feed herself.
• Buy shoes with Velcro fasteners.
• all of the above

What is a reason that toddlers develop negativism?

• They have to see the world from other people's points of view.
• They are beginning to see themselves as separate people.
• They are learning to engage in cooperative play.
• They want to be dependent on their parents.

Tim (4 years old) is shown a picture of a rock made of sponge. When asked what the object presented is, he responds with "a rock". What difficulty is Tim showcasing?

• Appearance-reality confusion
• Transivity
• Egocentric speech
• Law of conservation
• Class inclusion

At what age do children develop the following fine motor skills?Use of velcro

• 2-6 years old
• 3-4 years old
• 6 years old
• 3+
• 2 years old

8 supplied many forms of support and training to parents

• A
• B
• D
• C

What tendencies in children may show poor emotional regulations?

• Internal tendencies or external tendencies

10 was designed to improve pre-schoolers’ educational development

• A
• B
• C
• D

Theorist who side with _____ claim that it is the physical and temporal experiences or environment that shapes and influence our development.

• Information procesing
• Ethology
• Nature
• Nurture

The federal government supports Indigenous childcare programs on-reserve and in Inuit communities and funds some off-reserve childcare as well.

• True
• False

Name one characteristic of assessment in Early Childhood Special Education

• Strength Based

Families are Children's _________ Teachers

• first

Experienced when personal moral standards or hurtful actions towards others begins.

• Guilt
• Initiation
• Shame
• Doubt

Environmental factors that can affect future language development start ____ .

• before birth
• during infancy
• during toddlerhood
• at birth

Helping children understand practical uses for math skills and real world application falls under which of the following

Connecting cerebral hemispheres.

• Hippocampus
• Cerebellum
• Corpus collosum
• Pituitary gland
• Retucular formation