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Covers the principles and practices of designing, and controlling the production and delivery of services efficiently and effectively to meet customer demands.
A measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system, etc., in converting inputs into useful outputs
In the sequence of decisions that affect scheduling, __ is (are) the immediate follower of the master schedule (or master production schedule).
One criterion for developing effective schedules is minimizing completion task
For a given level of demand, annual holding cost is larger as the order quantity is __.
This includes looking for ways to implement consistency in costs, quality, and resources across all business divisions.
This is probably the most competitive time for most products and businesses need to invest wisely in any marketing they undertake.
__ is the total of all outputs produced by the transformation process divided by the total of the inputs
Lead times, inventory availability, and purchase orders outstanding are among the five things operations managers must know for effective use of Aggregate plan.
__ is a rapid, low-cost production process that caters to constantly changing unique customer desires
In the Economic order quantity (EOQ) model, inventory does not arrive in a single moment but flows in at a steady rate.
When a tangible product is not included in a service, it is called a Pure Service.
One reason to study operations management is to learn how people organize themselves for productive enterprise.
__ is the time between placement and receipt of an order.
In time series, which of the following cannot be predicted
Give (1) Quantitative Forecasting Technique
__ is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running
Job lots are groups or batches of parts processed together.
Political risk, cultural issues, and exchange rates are among those __ that affect which country will be selected for a location decision
The quantity required of a dependent demand item is computed from the demand for the final products in which the item is used.
The work center master production schedule contains data such as capacity and efficiency
__ is a method for dividing on-hand inventory into three classifications based on annual dollar volume.
a product-oriented production process that uses modules.
Utilization is the number of units a facility can hold, receive, store, or produce in a period of time.
Service blueprint refers to the physical surrounding in which the service is delivered
__ is a process analysis technique that focuses on the customer and the producer's interaction with the customer.
One question that operations managers must ask when generating an aggregate plan is what factors are likely to influence demand and by how much.
A master production schedule specifies
The objective of layout strategy is to develop an effective and efficient layout that will meet the firm's competitive requirements.
In location decisions, intangible costs are easier to measure than tangible costs.
An example of a "hidden" production function is money transfers at banks.
When making a location decision at the country level, which of these would be considered?
Fixed layout processes items as they are received, rather than placing them in storage; this helps explain why "warehouses" are now called "distribution centers.".
Reducing distance is a common JIT goal
__ work with a few variables at a time and are easy to understand and use.
One function of MRP is to take advantage of quantity discounts.
Which of the following is not present in a time series?
The main issue in designing process layouts concerns the relative positioning of
Determine the best strategies to streamline, be cost effective, and to develop trusted partners
Unfavorable exchange rates can offset other savings in a location decision.
Budgeting, paying the bills, and collection of funds are activities associated with the
The technique known as level schedules
The main focus of JIT efforts to reduce investment in inventory requires __.
manufacturing ties organizational strategic goals to a production plan
An example of an intangible cost, as it relates to location decisions, is the quality of education.
Intangible costs are readily identifiable and can be measured with precision.
A location decision for an appliance manufacturer would tend to have aNo
__is the set of activities that create value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs
A dependent demand item is so called because its demand is dependent on customer preferences
Causal forecasting adopts that demand is related to some underlying factor for factors in the environment.
Operations management is the set of activities that create value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs
Aggregate planning in manufacturing ties organizational strategic goals to a production plan.
Set of activities that a company take on in order to encourage the selling and buying of their products or services. It includes selling, advertisement and product’s delivery to consumers or other company
__ forecasts address the business cycle by predicting inflation rates, money supplies, housing starts, and other planning indicators
__ enables an organization to take various business decisions, such as planning the production process, purchasing raw materials, managing funds, and deciding the price of the product
Many suppliers feel that having a variety of customers is better than being tied to long-term contracts with one customer.
Use market research to determine customer needs and batch quality assurance testing on products and services in production
A product strategy may focus on differentiation, high-cost, or rapid response.
__ is a lot-sizing technique that generates exactly what was required to meet the plan
the movement of goods and services internally and to customers, and the role of marketing and public relations in the location choice.
Which of the following is specifically characterized by a focus on continuous improvement, respect for people, and standard work practices?
__ is the Japanese word for card that has come to mean "signal
The four phases of the product life cycle are introduction, growth, incubation and decline
A Process chart shows the loading and idle time of several departments, machines, or facilities.
ANo __ is a timetable that specifies what is to be made and when.
refers to the physical surrounding in which the service is delivered
Which scheduling technique should be employed when due dates are important for a job order?
Retail inventory that is unaccounted for between receipt and time of sale is known as shrinkage.
One goal of TPS partnerships is the removal of in-plant inventory by delivery in small lots directly to the using department as needed.
In trend projection, the trend component is the slope of the regression equation
A office layout groups workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for comfort, safety, and movement of information
__ determines the order in which jobs should be done at each work center.
Strategic planning occurs over the medium or intermediate future of 3 to 18 months.
A naïve forecast for September sales of a product would be equal to the forecast for August.
Which of the following are the primary functions of all organizations?
Operations management is applicable
One limitation of the net present value approach to investments is that investments with identical net present values may have very different cash flows.
Location decisions are based on many things, including costs, revenues, incentives, attitudes, and intangibles, but not on ethical considerations.
Demand (sales) forecasts serve as inputs to financial, marketing, and personnel planning.
Which time series model uses past forecasts and past demand data to generate a new forecast?
One reason for a firm locating near its competitors is the presence of a major resource it needs.
One essential ingredient of mass customization is modular design.
One guideline for a fixed layout is to locate high-draw items around the periphery of the store.
Product storage is an example of waste, in the sense that no value is added.
5. The forecasting time horizon and the forecasting techniques used tend to vary over the life cycle of a product.
The priority rule that appears fair to customers in service systems is __.
ANo __ is a listing of the components, their description, and the quantity of each required to make one unit of a product
When __, in addition to creativity and R&D investments, is critical to operations strategy, cost may cease to be the primary focus of location criteria
Industrial location analysis typically attempts to
Products or services designed in easily segmented components are known as __.
Dependent on expert or informed opinion about future product demands which is intuitive and based on subjective judgment.
__ is that element of balancing a work cell that superficially resembles cycle time.
Linear regression is known as aNo __ because it incorporates variables or factors that might influence the quantity being forecast.
Reasons to study Operations Management include
ANo __ is a JIT concept that results in material being produced only when requested and moved to where it is needed just as it is needed.
MRP is generally practiced on items with dependent demand.
For which of the following operations would a fixed-position layout be most appropriate?
This stage of the cycle could be the most expensive for a company launching a new product.
The four criteria for short-term scheduling
__ is the amount a facility can hold, store, receive, or produce in a period of time.
An operations manager is not likely to be involved in
ANo __ addresses flow, allocates space, and responds to customer behavior
It deals precisely of why and how a company, government or an individual obtains capital or the money needed and how are they going to invest or spend it
The benefits of effective scheduling include lower cost, faster delivery, and dependable delivery
Ethical and social dilemmas arise because stakeholders of a business have conflicting perspectives.
provide continuous training for employees, and institute employee satisfaction programs to achieve success in this area.
This model assumes that the demand in the next period and the demand in the most recent period is equal.
What is sometimes referred to as rated capacity??
Long Term Production Planning can help the management to organize for long-term finances on reasonable terms and conditions.
The typical full-service restaurant uses a product-focused process.
__ is the creation of goods and services.
A six-month moving average forecast is better than a three-month moving average forecast if demand
The forecasting model that pools the opinions of a group of experts or managers is known as the
The level scheduling strategy allows lower inventories than the pure chase strategy
In ABC analysis, "B" Items are the most tightly controlled.
The capacity planning strategy that delays adding capacity until capacity is below demand, then adds a capacity increment so that capacity is above demand, is said to__ demand
Felicien grows mirlitons (that's Cajun for Chayote squash) in his 100 by 100 foot garden. He then sells the crop at the local farmers' market. Two summers ago, he was able to produce and sell 1200 pounds of mirlitons. Last summer, he tried a new fertilizer that promised a 50% increase in yield. He harvested 1900 pounds. Did the fertilizer live up to its promise?
Which of the following is a function of inventory?
Which of these factors would be considered when making a location decision at the region/community level?
The __ method is popular because a wide variety of factors, from education to recreation to labor skills, can be objectively included.
__ is extra stock that is carried to serve as a buffer.
The __ technique may be applicable where a firm's parts and subassemblies are common to a variety of its products
The assignment method provides an optimum, one-to-one assignment of jobs to resources.
The typical time horizon for aggregate planning is
The 5S term __ includes analysis to improve workflow and reduce wasted motion.
Using Full Time worker is a capacity option that works especially well in the service sector where labor needs are relatively unskilled.
Effective capacity is the
A major challenge in inventory management is to maintain a balance between inventory investment and customer service.
Demand for a given item is said to be dependent if
Which of the following represents a common way to manage capacity in the service sector?
This shrinkage could be due to the market becoming saturated because the consumers are switching to a different type of product.
All organizations, including service firms such as banks and hospitals, have a production function.
Productivity is more difficult to improve in the service sector.
Price changes are useful for matching the level of demand to the capacity of a facility.
Design strategies which support all production goals including technology and resources. A value stream map can help determine what processes are necessary and how to keep them running efficiently.
__ forecasts use a series of past data points to make a forecast.
ABC analysis divides on-hand inventory into three classes, generally based upon
Labor cost per unit is also referred to as __.
Changes in capacity may lead, lag, or straddle the demand.
Which of the following is not one of the four main types of inventory?
A bill of material lists all components, ingredients, and materials needed to produce one unit of an end item.
In process-focused facilities, equipment utilization is low.
Capacity decisions are based on technological concerns.
Quantitative techniques consist of data gathering from groups of experts, customer focus groups, research groups, think tanks, etc.
In aggregate planning, the amount of overtime and the size of the work force are both adjustable elements of capacity.
Forecasts of individual products tend to be more accurate than forecasts of product families.
__ inventory is material that is usually purchased, but has yet to enter the manufacturing process.
Waste is anything that does add value, such as storage or inspection of items; waste also includes any activity that does not add value from the consumer's perspective.
is typically characterized by a strong growth in sales and profits, and because the company can start to benefit from economies of scale in production, the profit margins, as well as the overall amount of profit, will increase.
In order to have a career in operations management, one must have a degree in statistics or quantitative methods.
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