Nutrition

______________ help in controlling the opening and closing ofstomata for gaseous exchange.

• Guard cells

It is a form of protein energy malnutrition that involves not enough intake of protein and calories.

• Marasmus

Which carbohydrate slows down digestion the most or is the hardest to break down?

• Sugar
• Starch
• Fiber

A calorie is too small a unit. Therefore, it is more conveniently expressed as kilocalories (1,000 times calorie) which is represented by kcal or simply Cal (with capital 'C').

• True
• False

Is the ratio of the volume of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 utilized in the oxidation of foodstuffs

• The respiratory quotient (R. Q.)
• RDA
• BMR
• SDA

Empty calories are....

• when a product has 0 calories
• present in foods with no nutritional value
• when a product is sugar free
• present in fruits and vegetables

Aside from diabetes, too much sugar intake can also lead to....

• OBESITY

Organism that totally dependent on the other organism forfood are called ______________ mode of nutrition.

• Parasitic
• Symbiotic
• Heterotrophic
• Autotrophic

How many ounces of protein shout most people, ages 9 and older, eat each day?

• 9-11
• 15-20
• 5-7
• 1-2

It may be noted that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is in recent use for BMR.

• True
• False

A calorie is a unit of measurement used to measure what?

• Amount Of Energy In Food
• Amount Of Fat In Food
• Amount Of Protein In Food
• Amount Of Water In Food

Calcium is a mineral needed for bone growth

• True
• False

Name the pores in a leaf through which respiratory exchange of gases takes place.

• Stomata

Which is not found on a food label?

• Serving size
• Calories
• Type of food
• Nutrients

The digestive juices help in the breakdown of __________ into simpler forms.

• proteins

Approximately, how long is the small intestine?

• 6

Serve as a major energy source for the cells in the body. These are usually obtained from grains, cereals, breads, fruits, and vegetables

• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Vitamins

The reversal of a hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic coma secondary to TPN requires the administration of:

• Anticoagulants
• Histamine blockers
• Insulin
• Sodium lactate

It is a unit of energy that indicates the amount of energy contained in food.

• Candela
• Joules
• Pascal
• Calorie

Carbohydrates are your bodies preferred source of _________.

• energy

The liver secretes

• PEPSIN
• AMYLASE
• BILE
• TRYPSIN

A fat baby is a healthy baby.

• True
• False

The purpose of carbohydrates is:

• to provide a layer of insulation for protection.
• to boost the immune system and fight off infection.
• to provide the body with energy.
• to help us get a good night's rest.

All the foods in the same food groups have the same serving size.

• True
• False

Which fruit is high in potassium?

• Banana
• Kiwi
• Peach
• Apple

_________ is a conjugated protein present in rods.

• Rhodopsin

proteins are made of

• fatty acids
• sugar
• amino acids
• water

_____________ is the process where algae and fungi form aunique association sharing benefit from each other.

• Symbiosis

One of the following is the most important essential fatty acid in the diet

• Linoleic acid
• Arachidonic acid
• Oleic acid
• Palmitic acid.

Name the orange area of the MyPlate.gov image

• grains

The process of expulsion of the undigested and unabsorbed materials from the end of the gut.

• Ingestion
• Absorption
• Digestion
• Elimination

What is the most common carbohydrate used for TPN?

• Dextrose
• Fructose
• Invert sugar
• Lactose

The regimen of time for the delivery of cyclic TPN therapy is usually how many hours?

• 2-4
• 6-10
• 8-12
• 12-18

The correct amount of calories for you IN A DAY is in which of these choices:

• 160 - 260
• 1000 - 1500
• 1600 - 2600
• 100 - 150

Name the purple area of the MyPlate.gov image

• protein

Name the essential nutrient starting with the letter M

• Minerals

What is the appropriate area for preparing TPN solutions?

• In the central supply department
• Under a laminar flow hood in the pharmacy
• In a clean medication room on the nursing division
• At the patient's bedside

The biochemical parameter often used as an index for monitoring the recovery from kwashiorkor is

• Plasma albumin
• Plasma creatinine
• Plasma glucose
• None of these

When eating grains, you should choose_______________ versions of bread, pasta, and tortillas.

• whole-grain

Respiratory pigment in human beings is:

• Haemoglobin

Name the essential nutrient starting with the letter W

• water

The inner wall of the stomach secretes

• saliva
• bile
• hydrochloric acid
• pancreatic juice

Which of the following is an example of autotroph?

• Grass
• Mushroom
• Amoeba
• Paramoecium

When looking for fruit, focus on...(choose ALL that apply)

The following are fat-soluble vitamin EXCEPT

• A
• D
• B
• K

Which of the following is indicated to treat essential fatty acid deficiency?

• 50% dextrose
• Branched-chain amino acids
• Lipids
• Selenium

Name the essential nutrient starting with the letter v

• vitamins

The following are factors that affect your BMR EXCEPT...

• Age
• Weight
• Arm Size
• Physical Activity

It refers to the lack of calorie or protein intake.

• Malnutrition
• Protein Energy Malnutrition
• Overnutrition
• undernutrition

What company made a weight-losing guy name Jared their spokesperson?

• Subway
• Diet Coke
• Trim Spa
• LA Fitness

What substances are generally added to total parenteral nutrition solutions?

• Electrolytes, trace elements, and vitamins
• Antifungal agents, electrolytes, and vitamins
• Electrolytes, antihistamine antagonists, and vitamins
• Citrate preservative, electrolytes, and vitamins

What do antioxidants neutralize?

• HDL Cholesterol
• Stomach Acid
• Free Radicals
• LDL Cholesterol

What are the factors under Calories Out or Energy Expenditure?

• Physical Activity, Exercise, Thermal Effect of Food, BMR
• Gender, Chores, Thermostat Affect of Food, Exorcise
• BMR, Thermic Effect of Food, Physical Activity, Exercise
• Exercise, BMR, Physical Activity, Thermate Affect of Food

SDA for protein, fat and carbohydrate are 30%, 13% and 5%, respectively. Thus, proteins possess the highest SDA while carbohydrates have the lowest.

• True
• False

How many calories in this Pop Tart food label

• 170

Which food group is NOT part of the 5 suggested food groups from MyPlate?

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Processed Food
• Grains
• Protein

You must eat 3,500 calories to gain one pound of weight.

• True
• False
• You must also burn up 3,500 calories to lose one pound of weight.

Nutrients are substances that can ________

• Provide Energy
• Help with body processes
• Help with growth
• repair of cells
• everything is correct

Define 'nutrient'

• naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds
• the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products. They're a source of energy for the body.
• a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
• any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

The administration set used for the infusion of TPN solutions should be changed according to what schedule?

• With each container of fluid
• Every 24 hours
• Every 48 hours
• Every 72 hours

What is the body's main source of energy?

• Minerals
• Carbohydrates
• Vitamins
• Water

Examples of protein foods are... (choose ALL that apply)

Find nutrients

Vitamin A is important for what?

• Hearing
• Hair Growth
• Vision
• Smell

Carbohydrates are more fattening than fats and protein.

• True
• False

Lentils are a good source of protein. True or false?

• True
• False

Entry of which substance in the guard cells open the stomata?

• Carbohydrate
• Carbon Dioxide
• Starch
• Water

Two types of Protein -Energy- Malnutrition

Pitcher plant traps insects because it grows in soils which lack in ______________

• Nitrogen

What is the source of protein used in TPN?

• Alpha globulins
• Casein amino acids
• Free amino acids
• Immunoglobulins

Protein foods include both animal and _____________ sources.

• plant

Which mineral helps your digestive system?

• fiber
• Vitamin A
• calcium

1. The term that is used for the mode of nutrition in yeast, mushroom and bread-mould is

• (a) autotrophic
• (b) insectivorous
• (c) saprophytic
• (d) parasitic

Which carbohydrate gives you the most energy?

• sugar

To promote weight loss, you should eat a small breakfast and a large dinner.

• True
• False

Citrus fruits are a great source of which vitamins?

• Vitamin F
• Vitamin C
• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin D

Which one of the following statements accurately reflects principles of peripheral parenteral nutrition?

• Designed for acutely stressed patients.
• Used for therapies of 6 to 12 weeks.
• Crystalline amino acids used are within the 2-5% range.
• Standard dextrose concentration is usually 20%.

Number of suggested water intake a day to avoid dehydration.

• 6

The tiny pores present in the leaves of the plants for exchange of gases arecalled _____

• (a) Stomata
• (b) Tracheae
• (c) Chloroplast
• (d) Spiracles

Just after photosynthesis, carbohydrate is converted into which of the following?

• Sucrose
• Starch
• Fructose
• Glucose

Body Composition is made up only of the nonfat component of the human body.

• True
• False

fats can be

Exercise can help you to lose weight by decreasing your appetite.

• True
• False

Dry-scaling skin, thinning hair, thrombocytopenia, and liver function abnormalities are clinical manifestations of what condition?

• Essential fatty acid deficiency
• Hyperlipemia
• Hyperosmolar syndrome
• Hypoglycemia

why are algae green?

Which of the following is a nursing consideration specific to the intravenous administration of lipids?

• Monitoring lipemia clearance on a weekly basis
• Using only central venous access for the infusion
• Testing urine for glycosuria every 6 hours
• Using non-PVC tubing

Can vegetables and fruits be considered as a source of water? (write yes or no)

• yes

Name the blue area of the MyPlate.gov image

• dairy

The site of photosynthesis in the cells of a leaf is:

• Chloroplast

TPN is the provision of nutrients intravenously in sufficient amounts to:

• Achieve catabolism
• Generate the formation of ketone bodies
• Achieve anabolism
• Create necessary branched-chain amino acids to stimulate hyperosmolar syndrome

What form of malnutrition is a child suffering from eating too much of food and having no physical activities?

• undernutrition
• overnutrition
• vitamins
• minerals

Which of the following is a parasite

• Fungus
• Cuscuta
• Mushroom
• Bacteria

what is true about Water?

The specific dynamic action (SDA) is the greatest for the following foodstuff

• Protein
• Carbohydrate
• Fat
• Vitamins.

Refers to any substance required for the growth and maintenance of an organism

• Metabolism
• Nutrients
• Digestion
• Photosynthesis

which of the following is a parasite?

• Yeast
• Amoeba
• Leech
• Earthworm

Children who are still growing are the only ones who need the nutrients found in milk.

• True
• False

Which among the following is NOT a method of measuring body composition?

• BIA Machine
• Progress Pictures
• Body Circumference
• Resting Heart Rate

Which essential nutrient is considered the most important?

• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Vitamins

What are the cause of malnutrition among children?

• Children often do not want to eat fruits and vegetables.
• Children like to eat junk foods.
• Children fail to follow proper eating habits.
• All of the above

It refers to unhealthy condition of a person who do not eat properly.

• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Malnutrition
• None of the Above

Find wrong statement about fats:

• Build brain cells & nerve tissue
• 1 g fat = 4 calories
• Maintain body heat
• source of stored energy
• Help body store & use vitamins

_Select the carbohydrates that will keep you feeling full for longer.*There are 3 correct answers!

What is the serving size in this Pop Tart food label?

• 10 servings
• 1 pastry (48g)
• 170 calories
• Protein 2g

Organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy from other organisms

• heterotrophs

Which of the following are common indicators for TPN therapy?

• Coma, citrate toxicity, and bowel surgery
• Renal failure, prolonged ileus, and gastrocutaneous fistulas
• Hepatic failure, hypermetabolic states, and malabsorption of enteral therapy
• Filtration, multiple trauma, and conditions requiring bowel rest

The endocrine organ most predominantly associated with BMR is thyroid gland.

• True
• False

What food group do wheat berries, oats, and rice belong to?

• Protein
• Grain
• Fruit
• Vegetable

Which commercial diet is based on food that you can gather when hunting?

• Paleo Diet

Which vitamin presents in high amount in plant oil? (write only letter)

• E

Include substances that animals can only get from the foods they eat because they could not be synthesized inside the body.

• Essential Nutrients
• Fats
• Proteins

It refers to the lack of essential vitamins and minerals need by the body for proper growth and development.

• Micronutrient Deficiency
• Malnutrition
• Protein Energy MAlnutrition
• Marasmus

The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:

• Carbon dioxide and water
• Chlorophyll
• Sunlight
• All of the above

Name the green area of the MyPlate.gov image

• vegetables

During an experiment on photosynthesis, what is the role of KOH?

• Absorption of any carbon dioxide
• Supplying carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
• Supplying water vapour for photosynthesis
• Removal of any oxygen

The food synthesized by plants is stored as _______________

• starch

When looking at canned vegetables, you should look for these TWO things on the label...

The walls of the oesophagus contract and relax to produce wave-like movements called ________

• peristalsis

What is Glucose?

• A Sugar
• A Carbohydrate
• A Protein
• A Mineral

The loss of water by evaporation in plants is called ____________

• Transpiration

What form of malnutrition is a child suffering from eating too little and not getting enough nutrients needed by the body?

• Undernutrition
• Overnutrition
• Protein
• Healthy

Белок in English

• protein

_Select all the foods that have carbohydrates.

find only carbohydrates

The digestion of various components of food is completed in the _________________.

• small intestine

The non-digestible carbohydrates are collectively known as [Blank]

• fiber

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

What does fiber help to prevent?

• Muscle Weakness
• Constipation
• High Blood Pressure
• Digestion

Water can give energy. Is it true?

• yes
• no
• sometimes

Name the essential nutrient starting with the letter C

• carbohydrate

The food synthesized by the plants is stored as

• Starch or Carbohydrate

The way food is prepared and cooked makes a difference in how many calories it has.

• True
• False

The reference protein for the calculation of chemical score

• Meat protein
• Fish protein
• Milk protein
• Egg protein

Organisms other than plants which contain Chlorophyll are

• Algae
• Protozoa
• Virus
• Fungi

Crops require a lot of nitrogen to make _____________.

• Proteins

If you eat enough calories, you are sure to get enough vitamins and minerals.

• True
• False

Which is helpful for healthier teeth?

• Eating Sweets Between Meals
• Brushing Only Every Other Day
• Not Flossing Your Teeth
• Using A Fluoride Toothpaste

Why could it be dangerous to eat raw cookie dough?

• It's Corrosive
• It Has Too Much Sugar
• It May Contain Raw Eggs
• It Expands In Your Stomach

_____________ is the bacterium which can fix atmosphericnitrogen.

• Rhizobium

Find water-soluble vitamin

• C
• A
• D
• E

A continuous supply of energy to the body is necessary to meet the requirements of

• Basal metabolic rate
• Specific dynamic action
• Physical activity
• All of them.

Which of the following substances enter a plant tissue through stomata?

• Water
• Nitrate
• Iron
• Carbon Dioxide

Which mineral is needed for strong bones and teeth?

• Zinc
• calcium
• sodium
• masnesium

The ____________ kills microorganisms and provides an acidic medium for effective digestion.

• hydrochloric acid

Which dietary supplement was banned by the FDA in February 2004?

• Chromium
• Ephedrine
• Pyruvate
• Chitosan

Name the substance present above the upper epidermis which does not allow water to stay over it.

• Waxy cuticle

Name the essential nutrient starting with the letter F

• fats

What are the three MACRONUTRIENTS?

Which nutrient carries nutrients to cells and waste from the body?

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• fats
• water

Finger-like projections of amoeba are called as

• pseudopodia

Share one thing that you have learned from our entire nutrition unit.*There are no wrong answers if your answer has something to do with what we have learned in class.

Fasting (not eating) is a good, safe way to lose weight.

• True
• False

Improving your sleeping habits can improve your Body Composition.

• True
• False

__________ traps sunlight during the process of photosynthesis.

• Chlorophyll

What are the gaps called which are present in-between tow cells?

• Air spaces

Name the essential nutrient starting with the letter P

• protein

Soda and energy and sports drinks contain A LOT of...

• Flavor
• Added sugar
• Goodness
• Nutrients

The essential amino acid limiting in rice

• Methionine
• Tryptophan
• Lysine
• Histidine

Which plant tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaf?

• Xylem

Which of the following filter porosity ratings is appropriate for use with three-in-one nutrient solutions?

• 0.22u
• 1.2u
• 2.5u
• 5u

The smallest chamber in a cow's stomach is

• rumen
• abomasum
• omasum
• reticulum

What percentage of your total daily calories should be added sugar?

• 5% or less
• 10% or less
• 20% or less
• 50% or less

Which essential nutrient is the main source of energy?

• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Vitamins

Which of the following are needed to build, repair and maintain body tissue?

• Vitamins
• Proteins
• Minerals
• Fats

The daily normal requirement of protein in an adult is 1g/kg body weight/day.

• True
• False

Potential TPN-associated metabolic complications include which of the following?

• Sepsis, glucose intolerance, and electrolyte imbalances
• Cachexia, glucose intolerance, and essential fatty acid deficiency
• Lipoid nephrosis, glucose intolerance, and electrolyte imbalances
• Glucose intolerance, electrolyte imbalances, and essential fatty acid deficiency

Two forms of malnutrition

Which vitamin may help to shorten the duration of colds?

• B6
• D
• C
• B12

The nutritional assessment method used to know the most limiting essential amino acid in relation to a standard protein is [Blank]

• Chemical score

E100 is

• color giving additive
• preservative
• antioxidant
• stabiliser
• flavouring

Carbohydrates are main source of ___________

• energy

It is a serious type of protein energy malnutrition which caused by not enough protein intake.

• Kwashiorkor

starch is

• complex carbohydrate
• simple carbohydrate
• no correct answer

The routes for the absorption of water and minerals across plant roots through the cell walls.

• Apoplast
• Symplast

Fats are fats; all types of fat are equally bad for you.

• True
• False

Organisms which prepare food for themselves using simple naturally available raw materials are referred to as

• (a) heterotrophs
• (b) autotrophs
• (c) parasites
• (d) saprophytes

These help your body fight diseases

• protein
• carbohydrates
• vitamins
• minerals

A variety of foods from all the groups in the Food Pyramid is a good way to ensure a well-balanced diet.

• True
• False

Bacteria that converts solid form of nitrogen intoatmospheric nitrogen are called ______________.

• Denitrifying Bacteria
• Ammonifying Bacteria
• Nitrifying Bacteria
• All the above

When choosing food and beverages, you should choose those with LESS

• Sodium
• Saturated Fat
• Added Sugar
• All of the above

What is on top of food pyramide?

• sweets
• grains
• proteins
• fats

One calorie of energy is equivalent to ____________ Joules (KJ).

• 4.128

The process of Photosynthesis produces

• Carbon Dioxide
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Hydrogen

The mode of nutrition in a green plant is ………………

• (a) Heterotrophic
• (b) Saprophytic
• (c) Autotrophic
• (d) Holozoic

Name the red area of the MyPlate.gov image

• fruits

This nutrient helps keep your bones and teeth strong

• vitamins
• carbohydrates
• Minerals
• Fats

Promotes repairing and rebuilding of muscle tissue

• Protein
• vitamins
• minerals
• fats

What is NOT a food group under the recommended Healthy Eating Plate?

• Sweets
• Grains
• Protein
• Fruits

Two organisms are good friends and live together. One provides shelter, water, and nutrients while the other prepares and provides food. Such an association of organisms is termed as

• (a) saprophyte
• (b) parasite
• (c) autotroph
• (d) symbiosis

Ultimate source of energy for all living organisms is

• Plants
• Atmosphere
• Earth
• Sun

Butter has more calories than margarine.

• True
• False

Which of the following plants take up carbon dioxide at night; ti make an intermediate for photosynthesis?

• Cactus
• Mango
• Grass
• Croton

There are "good" and "bad" carbohydrates.

• True
• False

Which of the following are the major types of food that Pescatarians eat? Check all that apply.

Carrot is one of the highest sources of Provitamin A.

• True
• False

Which of the following raw material is available in the air for photosynthesis?

• (a) Oxygen
• (b) Carbon dioxide
• (c) Nitrogen
• (d) Hydrogen

Sunflower seeds, almonds, and wheat germ oil are the best sources of Vitamin E?

• True
• False

Which vitamin is very important for our immune system? (write only letter)

• C

A slice of toast has fewer calories than a slice of bread.

• True
• False

The movement of food in phloem is called:

• Translocation

cuscuta is a example of

• (a) autotroph
• (b) parasite
• (c) saprotroph
• (d) host

Which of the following is not necessary for photosynthesis

• Chlorophyll
• Carbon-di-oxide
• Oxygen
• Water

Pitcher plant traps insects because it

• (a) is a heterotroph.
• (b) grows in soils which lack in nitrogen.
• (c) does not have chlorophyll.
• (d) has a digestive system like human beings.

All calories beyond what the body needs is stored as fat.

• True
• False

Being active (at least 60 min/day) can help you prevent disease and manage your weight.

• True
• False

A plant-eating animal that brings back swallowed food into the mouth to chew it again is called a ruminant and the process is called

• Digestion
• Rumination
• Absorption
• Assimilation

Children can get ____ on too much intake of sugar.

• TOOTH DECAY

Many forms of cancer can be avoided with proper diet and lifestyle.

• True
• False

The more physical activity you do, the less calories you need to intake.

• True
• False

saprotrophs secrete digestive juices on dead and decaying matter and convert it into a _____________-

• solution

which vitamins are fat-soluble:

proteins are needed for:

What is the most common contaminant found in fish?

• Mercury
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls
• Parasites
• Dioxins

It is where food is initially chewed into shreds by the teeth, and mixed with saliva by the tongue. Saliva is secreted into the mouth by three pairs of salivary glands located above the upper jaw and below the lower jaw.

• Larynx
• Pharynx
• Mouth
• Esophagus

Label the parts of the picture

Simple carbohydrates are easy for our bodies to break down.

• True
• False

An average 150-pound adult needs 50-60 grams of protein each day.

• True
• False