Software Engineering 2

This expenditure represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries.

• Software Engineering

This is the process changing the software in response to changing demands

• Evolution

"Which focuses not only on detecting the defective products and eliminating them, but also on determining the causes behind the defects?"

• Quality management system
• Personal Software Process
• Quality Control
• Statistical Testing

Modify the process to remove identified bottlenecks

• Process change introduction

If the function calls between two modules involve passing large chunks of shared data, the modules are said to be _________ ?

• Highly coupled
• Not modular
• Highly modular
• Not coupled

It is a UI design principle that provides appropriate interaction facilities for different types of system user.

• User diversity

Decision Trees shows the decision-making logic and corresponding actions taken in matrix form

• True
• False

It is an approach to UI design where the needs of the user are paramount and where the user is involved in the design process.

• User-centered design

If all functions of the module refer to or update the same data structure, then the module have _______________ ?

• Sequential cohesion
• Procedural cohesion
• Communicational cohesion
• Functional cohesion

The ability of the system to deliver services when requested.

• Availability

A DFD model does not specify the order in which the different bubbles are executed

• True
• False

Which of the following best described a heuristic techniques?

• It assume that the project uses suitable mathematical expression
• It has a certain scientific bases
• It overcome some of the shortcomings of expert judgment approach
• It is based on making an educated guess

For systems with a short life, maintenance costs may be several times development costs.

• FALSE

The faulty system state may be transient and ‘corrected’ before an error arises.

• TRUE

Information hiding makes program maintenance easier by hiding data and procedure from unaffected parts of the program

• True
• False

A poorly designed interface can cause a user to make catastrophic errors.

• TRUE

In which of the following best descibed an external entity?

• Represented using lines
• Represented using a circle
• Represented using square
• Represented using a rectangle

Which of the following best described a process metrics

• All of these
• Measures on detecting the defective products
• Measures how a process is performing
• Measure the characteristics of a product being developed

The faulty system state may be transient and ‘ed’ before an error arises

• TRUE

Which of the following best described that all commands are available all the time during the operation of the software?

• Modeless
• Message
• Menu
• Mode

Which of the following is true about container widget?

• It exists merely to contain other widgets
• It is more permanent and general
• It does not have any other interaction capabilities
• It is transient and task specific

It is an effective decomposition of a problem

• Cohesion
• Layed design
• Coupling
• Modularity

It is concerned with theory and fundamentals of software development.

• Computer Science

Improper user interface design is the reason why so many software systems are never used.

• TRUE

Which phase of a unified process model in which the product is installed in the user's environment and maintained?

• Transition phase
• Construction phase
• Inception phase
• Elaboration phase

Which of the following best described a fault-based testing?

• Performs equivalence class partitioning
• Performs a unit value analysis
• Performs a a design test cases based on analysis of some aspect of source code heuristically
• Performs a strategy which focuses on what constitute a fault model of the strategy

It is focused on cost effective software development.

• Software Engineering

Identify quality, cost or schedule bottlenecks

• Improvement identification

"It is the principal methodology used by organisations to ensure that the products they develop have the desired quality"

• Statistical Testing
• Quality Control
• Personal Software Process
• Quality management system

Hardware interfaces described the interface between the software and the hardware components of the system

• True
• False

These are generic activities involved in all software processes: (select all that applies)

• The correct answers are: Specification, Development, Validation, Evolution

The error can not be corrected by built-in error detection and recovery.

• FALSE

These are software products developed to be sold to a range of different customers.

• Generic

Coupling is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a module

• Is connected to other modules and the outside world
• Can be written more compactly
• Focuses on just one thing
• Is able to complete its function in a timely manner

Three aspects of the system users that UI design must take into account. (select 3 answers)

• The correct answers are: needs, experience, capabilities

It subsumes the notion of resilience - the ability of a system to continue in operation in spite of component failures.

• Survivability

This is a set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software.

• Software process

LOC is an appropriate metric to estimate and measure the size of a component-based GUI

• True
• False

Human behavior that results in the introduction of faults into a system.

• Human error

In V-shaped model, testing activities are carried out in parallel with the development activities

• True
• False

Establish organizational procedures and standards for quality

• Quality assurance

In which of the following best described a DFD process symbol?

• Represented using square
• Represented using a rectangle
• Represented using lines
• Represented using a circle

Which of the following best described an organic classes of software development?

• It is strongly coupled to hardware
• It consists of a mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff
• It deals with developing a well-understood application program
• It overcomes some of the shortcomings of expert judgment approach

Which principle best describes structured analysis technique?

• It is based on the DFD model approach
• It is based on a divided and conquer approach
• It is based on bottom-up transformation approach
• It is based on the software design approach

It is a basic characteristic of any good design solution

• Modularity
• Layed design
• Coupling
• Cohesion

Which of the following best described a hierarchical menu?

• Commonly suitable for small screens with limited display area
• Commonly displays a collection of sub menu items
• Commonly docked anywhere in the window
• Commonly used to structure a large collection of menu items

New release is created if there is only a bug fix, minor enhancement to the functionality of the system

• True
• False

Which of the following best described a superfluous DFD?

• Decomposed to one bubble only
• Decomposed into several bubbles
• Decompose the bubbles into sub bubbles
• Decomposed a few bubbles at any level

Fan-out indicates the number of modules that directly invoke a given module

• True
• False

It provides a common vocabulary that helps to improve communications among the developers

• Design patterns
• Design methodology
• Architechtural methodology
• Architechtural patterns

The process of checking that the software is what the customer wants.

• Validation

Which of the following best described a code inspection?

• Perform code evaluation for defects and removal mechanism
• Perform code examination for the presence of some common programming errors
• Perform a document production of code that is more reliable and maintainable
• Perform an informal coding analysis technique

Cohesion is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a module

• Is able to complete its function in a timely manner
• Can be written more compactly
• Focuses on just one thing
• Is connected to other modules and the outside world

Some of the components of User interface design process. (select all that applies)

• None among the choices

It is a characteristic of a good software design wherein it states that the design should correctly implement all the functionalities of the system

• Understandability
• Correctness
• Maintainability
• Efficiency

How does the internal structure data of an object can be hidden so that all interactions with the object are simple and standardized?

• Through overloading
• Through inheritance
• Through polymorphism
• Through encapsulation

Which of the following best applies to organizations which do not design products but are only involved in production?

• ISO 9002
• ISO 9003
• ISO 9000
• ISO 9001

It implies that the problem has been decomposed into a set of modules that have only limited interactions with each other

• Modularity
• Cohesion
• Layed design
• Coupling

The increased testing and system validation that is required to convince the system client that the required levels of dependability have been achieved decreases the cost of dependability of software

• FALSE

Object Oriented Programming is the drag and drop style of program development

• True
• False

It provides a common vocabulary that helps improve communications among the developers

• Architechtural methodology
• Design patterns
• Architechtural patterns
• Design methodology

The ability of the system to operate without catastrophic failure.

• Safety

It guides developer to arrive at a correct design decisions and helps them to attain productivity

• Architechtural methodology
• Design methodology
• Design patterns
• Architechtural patterns

_Select applicable procedures and standards for a particular project and modify these as required

• Quality planning

A layered design achieves control abstraction and is easier to understand and debug

• True
• False

In the Inception phase, functional and non-functional requirements are captured

• True
• False

Erroneous system behavior where the behavior of the system does not conform to its specification.

• System error

The probability of failure-free system operation over a specified time in a given environment for a given purpose.

• Reliability

Which of the following description best characterizes Data Flow Diagram?

• It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system
• It uses several number of primitive symbols to represent functions
• It shows sequence of execution of different functions and conditions

Which of the following defines the structure of the problem in terms of the kinds of objects important to the understanding of the working system?

• Behavioral view
• Structural view
• Environmental view
• User's view

Which of the following best described an application composition model?

• Used to provide cost estimation during detailed design and coding stages
• Used to support estimation of cost at the architechtural design stage
• Used to analyze technique to measure, size development effort and development cost
• Used to estimate the cost for prototype development

The failure can be avoided by built-in protection facilities.

• TRUE

Which of the following is true about label widget?

• It is more permanent and general
• It does not have any other interaction capabilities
• It is transient and task specific
• It exists merely to contain other widgets

It suggests a scheme for structuring the classes in a design solution and defines the required interactions among those classes

• Architechtural methodology
• Design patterns
• Design methodology
• Architechtural patterns

This factor often dominates system costs in a system development

• Technical cost

Whenever an error exists in a module, functional independence reduce the chances of the error propagating to the other modules

• Understandability
• Coincidental cohesion
• Error isolation
• Scope of reuse

In the Inception Phase, the product is installed in the user's environment and maintained

• True
• False

Which of the following best describes structured analysis?

• Structured Analysis activity transforms the SRS document into a graphical model called DFD model
• Structured Analysis activity transforms the SRS document into a software design
• Structured Analysis activity transforms the SRS document into a high-level design
• Structured Analysis activity transforms the SRS document into a UML design

Which of the following best described an incompleteness in requirement analysis?

• There are ambiguity in a requirement
• Requirements have been overlooked
• All of the choices
• Requirements may contradicts the other

Errors do not necessarily lead to system failures.

• TRUE

Formal methods are easy to learn and use

• True
• False

It is a measure of the degree of interaction between two modules

• Layed design
• Coupling
• Modularity
• Cohesion

Which phase of a unified process model in which the design and implementation activities are carried out?

• Construction phase
• Inception phase
• Transition phase
• Elaboration phase

Designers should be aware of people’s physical and mental limitations.

• TRUE

Clean Room Testing is a technique that reportedly produces documentation and code that is more reliable and maintainable than other development methods relying heavily on code execution-based testing

• True
• False

Train staff involved in new process proposals

• Process change training

It provides a defined process which can be tuned by individuals?

• Statistical Testing
• Personal Software Process
• Quality management system
• Quality Control

The Waterfall Model is highly structured and systematically steps through requirements-capture, analysis, specification, design, coding, and testing stages in a planned sequence

• True
• False

It is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development

• Software Engineering

Library modules represents one of the several modules connected with the diamond symbol

• True
• False

Dependability costs tend to increase exponentially as increasing levels of dependability are required.

• TRUE

Which of the following best describe a post-architechtural model?

• Used to analyze technique to measure, size development effort and development cost
• Used to support estimation of cost at the architechtural design stage
• Used to estimate the cost for prototype development
• Used to provide cost estimation during detailed design and coding stages

Organizations rated as ______ in the CMM are likely to be ISO 9000 compliant

• level 2

They are I.T. practitioners who adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available.

• Software Engineers

Which of the following best described a state or collection of states in which only a subset of user interface tasks can be performed?

• Modeless
• Mode
• Message
• Menu

Which of the following best describe a black-box testing?

• Perform equivalence class partitioning
• Perform a a design test cases based on analysis of some aspect of source code heuristically
• Perform a unit value analysis
• Perform a strategy which focuses on what constitute a fault model of the strategy

These are developed software for a single customer according to their specification (select all that applies)

• The correct answers are: Customized, Bespoke

It reflects the extent of the user’s confidence that it will operate as users expect and that it will not ‘fail’ in normal use.

• Dependability

Which best describes a modeling language?

• Consists of syntax and functions
• Consists of symbols and algorithms
• Consists of libraries, symbols and functions
• Consists of a set of notations

ISO 9000 series of standards are based on the premise that if a proper process is followed for production, then good quality products are bound to follow automatically

• True
• False

Which of the following description best characterize a context diagram?

• It is the highest level and most abstract
• It is the lowest level and most abstract
• It has two or more bubbles
• It has an annotation using an adjective form

If the interactions occur through some shared data, then we say that they are ________________

• Highly modular
• Not coupled
• Not modular
• Highly coupled

The ability of the system to protect itself against accidental or deliberate intrusion.

• Security

An incorrect system state i .e . a system state that is unexpected by the designers of the system.

• System fault

Which of the following best described an empirical estimation techniques?

• It assume that the project uses suitable mathematical expression
• It is based on making an educated guess
• It has a certain scientific bases
• It overcome some of the shortcomings of expert judgment approach

Speed of use of a user interface is determined by the time and user effort necessary toinitiate and execute different commands

• True
• False

An event that occurs at some point in time when the system does not deliver a service as expected by its users.

• System failure

Whenever an error exists in a module, functional independence reduces the chance of the error propagating to the other module

• True
• False

Product Perspective summarizes the major ways in which the software would be used

• True
• False

A collaboration diagram shows both structural and behavioral aspects explicitly

• True
• False

Model and analyze (quantitatively if possible) existing processes

• Process analysis

Which of the following best describes a black-box testing?

• Performs a a design test cases based on analysis of some aspect of source code heuristically
• Performs equivalence class partitioning
• Performs a strategy which focuses on what constitute a fault model of the strategy
• Perform a unit value analysis

A quality management system is the principal methodology used by organizations to ensure that the products they develop have the desired quality

• True
• False

In which of the following is true when using data flow in constructing a DFD?

• Data flow should connect and iterate two data store
• Data flow should connect two or more data store at once
• Data flow should not connect two data stores
• Data flow should connect two data store

Which of the following description best characterizes a context diagram?

• It is the highest level and most abstract
• It has two or more bubbles
• It has an annotation using an adjective form
• It is the lowest level and most abstract

The ability of a system to continue to deliver its services to users in the face of deliberate or accidental attack.

• Survivability

Input Kludge concerns failing to specify and implement a mechanism for handling invalidinputs

• True
• False

A module is said to have procedural cohesion, if all functions of the module refer to or update the same data structure

• True
• False

Part of the generic activity of software development which checks what the system should do and its development constraints.

• Specification

Which of the following best described an inconsistency in requirement analysis?

• There are ambiguity in a requirement
• Requirements may contradicts the other
• Requirements have been overlooked
• All of the choices

The use of more expensive development techniques and hardware that are required to achieve the higher levels of dependability decreases the cost of dependability of software.

• The correct answer i

The error can not be ed by built-in error detection and recovery

• FALSE

In which of the following is true about level 1 DFD?

• Level 1 DFD usually contains three to 7 bubbles
• Level 1 DFD usually contains three to 5 bubbles
• Level 1 DFD usually contains three to 8 bubbles
• Level 1 DFD usually contains three to 6 bubbles

Which of the following best describes analysis model?

• Addresses the "how" to solve underlying software problems
• Creates and utilize modeling diagrams
• Elaborates user requirements
• Creates graphical software design

It is a measure of the functional strength of a module

• Modularity
• Coupling
• Cohesion
• Layed design

means that a product should meet its specification

• Quality

An in system state i e a system state that is unexpected by the designers of the system

• System fault

is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development

• Software Engineering

Which of the following best described delphi cost estimation?

• It assumes that the project uses suitable mathematical expression
• It overcomes some of the shortcomings of expert judgment approach
• It is based on making an educated guess
• It has a certain scientific bases

Beta testing is a form of system testing usually performed by the development team

• True
• False

Which of the following best described a corrective maintenance?

• It corrects errors that are not discovered during the product development phase
• It corrects the performance of the system or functionalities of the system based on customer requests
• It improves the performance of the system or functionalities of the system based on customer requests
• It is required for porting the software to work in a new environment

The extent to which a critical system is trusted by its users.

• Dependability

It is a UI design principle that allows user to recover from errors.

• recoverability

Classes that are not intended to produce instances of themselves are dependent on its own

• True
• False

Which of the following best described a GUI?

• Multiple windows with different information
• All of the choices
• Iconic information representation
• Supports command selection

Usefulness and trustworthiness of a computer system are the same thing.

• FALSE

Patterns primarily focus on solving problems with reduced space and time requirements

• True
• False

Which of the following best described a walking menu?

• Commonly suitable for small screens with limited display area
• Commonly used to structure a large collection of menu items
• Commonly displays a collection of sub menu items
• Commonly docked anywhere in the window

Which of the following best applies to organizations which only involves in installation and testing of products?

• ISO 9001
• ISO 9000
• ISO 9002
• ISO 9003

A system attribute which is concerned with the ease of repairing the system after a failure has been discovered or changing the system to include new features.

• Maintainability

System users often judge a system by its functionality rather than its interface.

• FALSE

This is an increasingly important attribute for distributed systems whose security can be compromised.

• Survivability

Which of the following best described a composition of series of standards?

• ISO 9000
• ISO 9001
• ISO 9002
• ISO 9003

Which of the following best described code review?

• Performs a document production of code that is more reliable and maintainable
• Performs an informal coding analysis technique
• Performs code evaluation for defects and removal mechanism
• Performs code examination for the presence of some common programming errors

Statistical Testing is a testing process whose objective is to determine the reliability of the product rather than discovering errors

• True
• False

Abstraction is one of the characteristics of object-oriented design

• True
• False

Which of the following best described an anomaly in the requirements analysis?

• Requirements may contradicts the other
• All of the choices
• There are ambiguity in a requirement
• Requirements have been overlooked

Which of the following SRS Document characteristics which should provide the possibility testing the design bases based on the description of functionality?

• Coniseness
• Verifiability
• Traceability
• Modifiability

Which of the following best described an X Library

• It controls access to a bit-mapped graphics display
• It is a toolkit consisting of two parts
• It defines the format request between client and applications
• It provides a set of about 300 utility routines

In waterfall model, customer feedback is obtained on the development prototype after each iteration and based on this the prototype is used

• True
• False

If the module performs a set of tasks that relate to each other very loosely, then the module have _______ ?

• Logical cohesion
• Procedural cohesion
• Temporal cohesion
• Coincidental cohesion

Which of the following best described a white-box testing?

• Performs equivalence class partitioning
• Performs a unit value analysis
• Performs a strategy which focuses on what constitute a fault model of the strategy
• Performs a a design test cases based on analysis of some aspect of source code heuristically

Which of the following best described a semidetached classes of software development?

• It is strongly coupled to hardware
• It overcome some of the shortcomings of expert judgment approach
• It deals with developing a well-understood application program
• It consist of a mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff

The behavioral view captures how objects interact with each other in time to realize the system behavior

• True
• False

Which of the following best described an Embedded Software?

• It is a broad array of programs for many fields of sciences
• It is a collection of programs written to service other programs
• It resides within a product or system
• It is a stand alone programs that solves specific business needs

Ensure that procedures and standards are followed by the software development team

• Quality control

Which of the following best described an early design model?

• Used to support estimation of cost at the architechtural design stage
• Used to estimate the cost for prototype development
• Used to analyze technique to measure, size development effort and development cost
• Used to provide cost estimation during detailed design and coding stages

It deals with production of the software system itself.

• Development

Evolve and improve process improvements

• Change tuning

PSP is a framework that helps engineers to measure and improve the way they work

• True
• False

Unit testing is typically undertaken by the coder of the modules in the coding phase

• True
• False

Organizations rated as ______ in the CMM are likely to be ISO compliant

• level

If different functions of the module co-operate to complete a single task, then the module have _______________ ?

• Procedural cohesion
• Communicational cohesion
• Sequential cohesion
• Functional cohesion

Which of the following best described an integration testing?

• Code is tested in levels of stages
• All of these
• Code is tested a whole
• Code unit are slowly integrated and tested after each step of integration

Three aspects of the system users that UI design must take into account (select answers)

• The answers are: needs, experience, capabilities

Embedded software are standalone programs that solves a specific business need

• True
• False

Because of very high costs of dependability achievement, it may be more cost effective to accept untrustworthy systems and pay for failure costs.

• TRUE

Empirical estimation techniques assume that the relationship that exists among the different project parameters can be satisfactorily modeled using suitable mathematical expression

• True
• False

In which of the following describes a synchronous operations of DFD?

• Two bubbles are not directly connected by a data flow arrow
• Two bubbles are separated with each own data flow arrow
• Two bubbles are directly connected by a data flow arrow
• Two bubbles are merge together with its own data flow arrow

When modules are functionally independent, complexity of the design is greatly reduced

• Error isolation
• Coincidental cohesion
• Understandability
• Scope of reuse

Spiral model is most appropriate for projects that suffer from technical and requirement risks

• True
• False

The probability that a system, at a point in time, will be operational and able to deliver the requested services.

• Availability

It is a form of Interaction style is ideal for video games.

• Direct Manipulation

One which calls relations among different modules are represented graphically

• Cohesion
• Layed design
• Modularity
• Coupling

International set of standards for quality management.

• ISO 9000

Which of the following best described a unit testing?

• All of these
• Code is tested a whole
• Code is tested in levels of stages
• Code unit are slowly integrated and tested after each step of integration

The state chart diagram focuses on representing various activities or chunks of processing and their sequence of activation

• True
• False

In which of the following described a synchronous operations of DFD?

• Two bubbles are not directly conneccted by a data flow arrow
• Two bubbles are separated with each own data flow arrow
• Two bubbles are directly connected by a data flow arrow
• Two bubbles are merge together with its own data flow arrow

A constraint describes a condition or an integrity rule

• True
• False

Which of the following best described a branch coverage test suite?

• All of these
• Perform edge testing that traversed program's control flow atleast once
• Perform a test suite that achieves path coverage if it executes each linearly independent paths atleast once
• Perform a test case design to make each component of a composite conditional expression to assume both true and false values

System state that are a usually a result of system errors that are derived from faults in the system.

• System failure

A control flow graph describes the sequence in which the different instructions of a program get executed

• True
• False

The ability of the system to deliver services as specified.

• Reliability

Which of the folllowing best described a task analysis?

• Providing the user of block-box of a software
• Determine the data input and output from the system
• Study all available documents regarding the software to be developed
• Removing all ambiguities, imcompleteness, and inconsistencies

Visual Programming is the drag and drop style of program development

• True
• False

Which of the following best described an X Protocol?

• It is a toolkit consisting of two parts
• It defines the format request between client and applications
• It controls access to a bit-mapped graphics display
• It provides a set of about 300 utility routines