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The study of the Earth's structure, properties, processes, and four and a half billion years of biotic evolution for the maintenance of life on the planet.
This theory states that the universe has no beginning and no ending.
The term 'cosmos' is derived from the Greek word 'kosmos' which means _________________.
Paleontology is the study of fossils.
A stress is any change in volume or shape.
It is the oldest in the three periods.
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface.
The processes of evaporation and transpiration is also called transpoevaporation.
The hardest mineral is ________________.
Two minerals that have the same composition but different crystal form.
Relative time allows scientists to tell the story of Earth events but does not provide specific numeric ages, and thus, the rate at which geologic processes operate.
The geologic time scale is divided into four segments.
Virtually all of the metamorphic rocks that we see on Earth are derived from magmas that formed from partial melting of existing rock, either in the upper mantle or the crust.
The most abundant element in magma is oxygen.
Eras are subdivided into periods.
This level of the atmosphere comprises 80% of the gas on Earth and where weather patterns take place.
A continent is composed of relatively light blocks that float high on the mantle, like gigantic, slow-moving icebergs.
"Atmos" came from the Greek word which means _____________.
Parent material can be found in the C horizon.
"Hydro" is a Greek term which means ___________________.
How old is the solar system?
The period when dinosaurs diversify is ____________.
A large, slowly moving, sheet of ice.
Aquifers are areas of permeable rock that hold water.
Formal geologic time begins at the start of the Phanerozoic Eon (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) and continues to the present day.
All sedimentary rocks contain fossils.
"Geo" came from the Greek word ____________.
This rock forms when either magma or lava cools down and turns from liquid to solid.
Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are the results of convection current in the mantle.
This shows the leftover radiation of the ancient universe.
Erosion is consist of material saturated with water that moves as a fluid mass.
Extreme heat and ________________ is needed for metamorphism to occur.
It works best for sedimentary rocks having layered arrangement of sediments.
The point where the denser plate goes under the less dense plate is called a rift valley.
The breakdown of rocks by oxygen and water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty color is called oxidation.
The most active divergent plate boundaries are between oceanic plates and are often called mountain ranges.
A region with similar plants, animals, terrain, and climate is called _______________.
This type of power plants uses moving water to generate electricity.
Temperature is a major factor in the formation of magma.
Amber is the fossilized remains of tree sap millions of years ago.
The eon where humans are living is _____________.
The following are terrestrial planet, except ____________________.
The age of the universe is ____________.
Epoch is the smallest division of the geologic time scale.
It determines the age of a rock/object using radiometric techniques.
Hadean eon is the earliest in the geologic time scale.
The earth's water is how many percents of the earth's surface?
The following scientists are believers of the Big Bang Theory, except ____________.
It took how many years before the universe started to cool down enough for the protons, neutrons, and electrons to bind together to form neutral Hydrogen and Helium?
What is the study of minerals called?
Physical structure of living beings depends on the protein content in their bodies.
This type of power taps Earth's internal heat to produce electricity.
The process of rapid expansion -about a billionth of a trillionth of a second, creating what we now call space.
Eras are the second to the largest intervals of geologic time and are hundreds of millions of years in duration.
It is the best-supported theory on the origin of the universe.
Metamorphic rocks are those that have been transformed by pressure and heat but that has not actually melted.
Physical weathering is caused by the rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form minerals and soluble salts.
Seafloor spreading occurs along mid-ocean ridges—large mountain ranges rising from the ocean floor.
The theory that explains an expanding universe is the ______________ theory.
The period when the first primates arise is ______________.
Domestic waste is a special type of waste.
At what era, do humans live?
Horizon R or bedrock is a mass of rock such as granite, basalt, quartzite, limestone or sandstone that forms the parent material for some soils – if the bedrock is close enough to the surface to weather.
Island arcs and oceanic trenches occur when both of the plates are made of oceanic crust
Betelgeuse and Rigel are two of the brightest stars of Orion's Belt.
The discovery of this by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson led to the thought that the universe started as a tiny, hot, and dense state.
Solid or as paste that once deposited in a landfill do not undergo significantly physical-chemical or biological transformations is called inert waste.
The theory of continental drift is most associated with the scientist ____________.
The following are definitions of a mineral, except ______________.
Saltwater is abundant in the surface of the planet and is not directly useful for potable purposes.
A body of flowing water moving towards the sea.
It works best for igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Rich in minerals that leached (moved down) from the A or E horizons and accumulated in Horizon O.
The following are types of biome, except ________________.
Precambrian contains large piece of the earth's geological history.
The pressure is a measure of the stress, the physical force, being applied to the surface of a material.
When did the first mammal live?
The Milky Way Galaxy is about 100,000 light-years wide.
"Bio" is a Greek word which means _________________.
He proposed that the universe began from a single primordial atom.
Current within the mantle have broken the crust into blocks called _______________.
This is the stage when clumps of gas collapsed enough to form the very first stars and galaxies.
This termed to as the infinitely tiny, hot, and dense point where the universe started.
The process of breaking down of rocks by means of water, ice, wind, plants, and animals is called weathering.
Erosion is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface.
The word 'universe' is derived from the Latin word 'Universum' which was used by the Roman statesman named __________________.
Hydrolysis is the breakdown of rocks by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts.
A mass movement also called Mass Wasting.
A process of preserving the remains or traces of a dead organism.
The different type of rocks are the following, except ________________.
There are four types of igneous rock.
Continental drift, large-scale horizontal movements of continents relative to one another and to the ocean basins during one or more episodes of geologic time.
A large body of water surrounded by land is called ____________.
It determines if an object/event is younger or older than another object/event from history
The point where the denser plate goes under the less dense plate is called _______________.
A type of mining where only shallow deposits are removed.
Most of the pores in the vadose zone are filled with air, rather than water.
In the theory of Continental Drift, Earth’s continents were once part of an enormous, single landmass called ___________________.
When did the first vascular plants arise?
A divergent boundary is formed when two plates move away from each other.
A classification of a nonrenewable mineral resource that is identified resource that can be extracted profitably.
When two plates are colliding, the type of boundary is called ____________.
It is based on the concept that the lowest layer is the oldest and the topmost layer is the youngest.
This technique solely depends on the traces of radioactive isotopes found in fossils.
The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods; Triassic, Jurrasic, and Cretaceous.
It determines the period during which certain object was last subjected to heat. It is based on the concept that heated objects absorb light, and emit electrons.
When two plates move lateral to one another, this boundary is called ____________.
The Milky Way Galaxy is how many light-years across?
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