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Earth Science

The study of the Earth's structure, properties, processes, and four and a half billion years of biotic evolution for the maintenance of life on the planet.

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The period when dinosaurs diversify is ____________.

  • a. Cretaceous
  • b. Permian
  • c. Jurassic
  • d. Carboniferous

Domestic waste is a special type of waste.

  • True
  • False

It is the oldest in the three periods.

  • a. Paleozoic
  • b. Cenozoic
  • c. Mesozoic

A stress is any change in volume or shape.

  • True
  • False

It works best for igneous and metamorphic rocks.

  • a. absolute dating
  • b. relative dating

The following scientists are believers of the Big Bang Theory, except ____________.

  • a. Georges Lemaitre
  • b. Francesco Redi
  • c. Robert Wilson
  • d. Arno Penzias

Continental drift, large-scale horizontal movements of continents relative to one another and to the ocean basins during one or more episodes of geologic time.

  • True
  • False

A large, slowly moving, sheet of ice.

  • a. ice berg
  • b. glacier
  • c. snow
  • d. permafrost

Seafloor spreading and other tectonic activity processes are the results of convection current in the mantle.

  • True
  • False

Epoch is the smallest division of the geologic time scale.

  • True
  • False

Hydrolysis is the breakdown of rocks by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts.

  • True
  • False

The Milky Way Galaxy is how many light-years across?

  • a. 10,000
  • b. 100,000
  • c. 100
  • d. 1,000,000

When two plates are colliding, the type of boundary is called ____________.

  • a. convection
  • b. divergent
  • c. transform
  • d. convergent

The hardest mineral is ________________.

  • a. diamond
  • b. corundum
  • c. topaz
  • d. talc

This level of the atmosphere comprises 80% of the gas on Earth and where weather patterns take place.

  • a. troposphere
  • b. stratosphere
  • c. mesosphere
  • d. thermosphere

The following are terrestrial planet, except ____________________.

  • a. Earth
  • b. Jupiter
  • c. Mars
  • d. Mercury

Seafloor spreading occurs along mid-ocean ridges—large mountain ranges rising from the ocean floor.

  • True
  • False

The different type of rocks are the following, except ________________.

  • a. igneous
  • b. sedimentary
  • c. mineral
  • d. metamorphic

In the theory of Continental Drift, Earth’s continents were once part of an enormous, single landmass called ___________________.

  • a. continental landmass
  • b. Pangaea
  • c. Gondwana
  • d. Laurasia

The Milky Way Galaxy is about 100,000 light-years wide.

  • True
  • False

A type of mining where only shallow deposits are removed.

  • a. open-pit mining
  • b. surface mining
  • c. subsurface mining
  • d. strip mining

It is based on the concept that the lowest layer is the oldest and the topmost layer is the youngest.

  • a. Fluorine dating
  • b. Cross dating
  • c. stratigraphy
  • d. Biostratigraphy

It determines if an object/event is younger or older than another object/event from history

  • a. absolute dating
  • b. relative dating

A body of flowing water moving towards the sea.

  • a. estuary
  • b. lake
  • c. ocean
  • d. river

The processes of evaporation and transpiration is also called transpoevaporation.

  • True
  • False

Island arcs and oceanic trenches occur when both of the plates are made of oceanic crust

  • True
  • False

What is the study of minerals called?

  • a. limnology
  • b. geology
  • c. mineralogy
  • d. hydrology

Physical structure of living beings depends on the protein content in their bodies.

  • a. amino acid dating
  • b. radiometric dating
  • c. Dendrochronology
  • d. Thermoluminescence

Eras are subdivided into periods.

  • True
  • False

Parent material can be found in the C horizon.

  • True
  • False

"Atmos" came from the Greek word which means _____________.

  • a. life
  • b. ground
  • c. air
  • d. water

Aquifers are areas of permeable rock that hold water.

  • True
  • False

Formal geologic time begins at the start of the Phanerozoic Eon (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) and continues to the present day.

  • True
  • False

Extreme heat and ________________ is needed for metamorphism to occur.

  • a. pressure
  • b. water supply
  • c. erosion agent
  • d. weather condition

The word 'universe' is derived from the Latin word 'Universum' which was used by the Roman statesman named __________________.

  • a. Aristotle
  • b. Plato
  • c. Socrates
  • d. Cicero

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface.

  • True
  • False

A process of preserving the remains or traces of a dead organism.

  • a. plate tectonic
  • b. fossilization
  • c. compaction
  • d. metamorphism

Metamorphic rocks are those that have been transformed by pressure and heat but that has not actually melted.

  • True
  • False

The age of the universe is ____________.

  • a. 13.8 thousand years old
  • b. 13.8 million years old
  • c. 13.8 billion years old
  • d. 18.3 billion years old

Two minerals that have the same composition but different crystal form.

  • a. euhedral
  • b. polymorphs
  • c. dicrystal
  • d. anhedral

Erosion is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface.

  • True
  • False

The theory that explains an expanding universe is the ______________ theory.

  • a. Steady State
  • b. Nebular
  • c. Big Bang
  • d. Interstellar

It determines the age of a rock/object using radiometric techniques.

  • a. absolute dating
  • b. relative dating

The eon where humans are living is _____________.

  • a. Hadean
  • b. Archean
  • c. Phanerozoic
  • d. Proterozoic

It took how many years before the universe started to cool down enough for the protons, neutrons, and electrons to bind together to form neutral Hydrogen and Helium?

  • a. 830,000 years
  • b. 83,000 years
  • c. 380,000 years
  • d. 38,000 years

Erosion is consist of material saturated with water that moves as a fluid mass.

  • True
  • False

A mass movement also called Mass Wasting.

  • True
  • False

The point where the denser plate goes under the less dense plate is called a rift valley.

  • True
  • False

The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods; Triassic, Jurrasic, and Cretaceous.

  • True
  • False

Solid or as paste that once deposited in a landfill do not undergo significantly physical-chemical or biological transformations is called inert waste.

  • True
  • False

The following are types of biome, except ________________.

  • a. rain forest
  • b. pond
  • c. grassland
  • d. desert

Saltwater is abundant in the surface of the planet and is not directly useful for potable purposes.

  • True
  • False

The term 'cosmos' is derived from the Greek word 'kosmos' which means _________________.

  • a. the space
  • b. the sky
  • c. the unknown
  • d. the world

The geologic time scale is divided into four segments.

  • True
  • False

Hadean eon is the earliest in the geologic time scale.

  • True
  • False

The period when the first primates arise is ______________.

  • a. Paleozoic
  • b. Mesozoic
  • c. Cretaceous
  • d. Permian

Rich in minerals that leached (moved down) from the A or E horizons and accumulated in Horizon O.

  • True
  • False

Most of the pores in the vadose zone are filled with air, rather than water.

  • True
  • False

This theory states that the universe has no beginning and no ending.

  • a. Protoplanetary Hypothesis
  • b. Steady State Theory
  • c. Nebular Hypothesis
  • d. Big Bang Theory

The theory of continental drift is most associated with the scientist ____________.

  • a. Alfred Wegener
  • b. James Maxwell
  • c. Ernest Rutherford
  • d. Albert Einstein

The process of rapid expansion -about a billionth of a trillionth of a second, creating what we now call space.

  • a. Inflation
  • b. Radiation
  • c. Expansion
  • d. Recombination

Virtually all of the metamorphic rocks that we see on Earth are derived from magmas that formed from partial melting of existing rock, either in the upper mantle or the crust.

  • True
  • False

A continent is composed of relatively light blocks that float high on the mantle, like gigantic, slow-moving icebergs.

  • True
  • False

This type of power taps Earth's internal heat to produce electricity.

  • a. hydroelectric
  • b. nuclear
  • c. solar
  • d. geothermal

The breakdown of rocks by oxygen and water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty color is called oxidation.

  • True
  • False

Temperature is a major factor in the formation of magma.

  • True
  • False

The pressure is a measure of the stress, the physical force, being applied to the surface of a material.

  • True
  • False

This termed to as the infinitely tiny, hot, and dense point where the universe started.

  • a. Proton
  • b. Primordial Soup
  • c. Electron
  • d. Singularity

A classification of a nonrenewable mineral resource that is identified resource that can be extracted profitably.

  • a. undiscovered
  • b. reserves
  • c. others
  • d. identified

The most abundant element in magma is oxygen.

  • True
  • False

It determines the period during which certain object was last subjected to heat. It is based on the concept that heated objects absorb light, and emit electrons.

  • a. Thermoluminescence
  • b. Radiometric dating
  • c. Dendrochronology
  • d. Amino acid dating

The following are definitions of a mineral, except ______________.

  • a. homogeneous
  • b. fluid
  • c. inorganic
  • d. naturally-occurring

Eras are the second to the largest intervals of geologic time and are hundreds of millions of years in duration.

  • True
  • False

When did the first mammal live?

  • a. Carboniferous
  • b. Triassic
  • c. Ordovician
  • d. Tertiary

Horizon R or bedrock is a mass of rock such as granite, basalt, quartzite, limestone or sandstone that forms the parent material for some soils – if the bedrock is close enough to the surface to weather.

  • True
  • False

This is the stage when clumps of gas collapsed enough to form the very first stars and galaxies.

  • a. Singularity
  • b. Inflation
  • c. Recombination
  • d. Dark Ages

It is the best-supported theory on the origin of the universe.

  • a. Nebular Hypothesis
  • b. Protoplanetary Hypothesis
  • c. Steady State Theory
  • d. Big Bang Theory

Amber is the fossilized remains of tree sap millions of years ago.

  • True
  • False

The point where the denser plate goes under the less dense plate is called _______________.

  • a. subduction zone
  • b. rift valley
  • c. ridges
  • d. fault

"Hydro" is a Greek term which means ___________________.

  • a. air
  • b. life
  • c. ground
  • d. water

This rock forms when either magma or lava cools down and turns from liquid to solid.

  • a. sedimentary
  • b. Metamorphic
  • c. polymorphic
  • d. igneous

All sedimentary rocks contain fossils.

  • True
  • False

Betelgeuse and Rigel are two of the brightest stars of Orion's Belt.

  • True
  • False

Precambrian contains large piece of the earth's geological history.

  • True
  • False

A large body of water surrounded by land is called ____________.

  • a. lake
  • b. ocean
  • c. river
  • d. estuary

The earth's water is how many percents of the earth's surface?

  • a. 50%
  • b. 35%
  • c. 71%
  • d. 97%

The discovery of this by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson led to the thought that the universe started as a tiny, hot, and dense state.

  • a. Big Bang
  • b. Singularity
  • c. Cosmic Microwave Background
  • d. Steady State

It works best for sedimentary rocks having layered arrangement of sediments.

  • a. absolute dating
  • b. relative dating

Paleontology is the study of fossils.

  • True
  • False

There are four types of igneous rock.

  • True
  • False

The process of breaking down of rocks by means of water, ice, wind, plants, and animals is called weathering.

  • True
  • False

This technique solely depends on the traces of radioactive isotopes found in fossils.

  • a. Thermoluminescence
  • b. amino acid dating
  • c. radiometric dating
  • d. Dendrochronology

How old is the solar system?

  • a. 3.4 billion years old
  • b. 4.6 billion years old
  • c. 5.6 billion years old
  • d. 5.5 billion years old

This type of power plants uses moving water to generate electricity.

  • a. nuclear
  • b. hydroelectric
  • c. solar
  • d. geothermal

When two plates move lateral to one another, this boundary is called ____________.

  • a. convergent
  • b. transform
  • c. concurrent
  • d. divergent

Relative time allows scientists to tell the story of Earth events but does not provide specific numeric ages, and thus, the rate at which geologic processes operate.

  • True
  • False

"Geo" came from the Greek word ____________.

  • a. ground
  • b. life
  • c. air
  • d. water

When did the first vascular plants arise?

  • a. Triassic
  • b. Devonian
  • c. Silurian
  • d. Jurassic

A divergent boundary is formed when two plates move away from each other.

  • True
  • False

Current within the mantle have broken the crust into blocks called _______________.

  • a. boundaries
  • b. continents
  • c. plates
  • d. crust

The most active divergent plate boundaries are between oceanic plates and are often called mountain ranges.

  • True
  • False

A region with similar plants, animals, terrain, and climate is called _______________.

  • a. biome
  • b. community
  • c. ecosystem
  • d. biosphere

He proposed that the universe began from a single primordial atom.

  • a. George Lemaitre
  • b. Galileo Galilei
  • c. Aristotle
  • d. Cicero

At what era, do humans live?

  • a. Cenozoic
  • b. Mesozoic
  • c. Precambrian
  • d. Paleozoic

This shows the leftover radiation of the ancient universe.

  • a. Steady State
  • b. Singularity
  • c. Primordial Soup
  • d. Cosmic Microwave Background

"Bio" is a Greek word which means _________________.

  • a. life
  • b. ground
  • c. water
  • d. air

Physical weathering is caused by the rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form minerals and soluble salts.

  • True
  • False
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