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The application of scientific techniques and principles to analyze and investigate crime scenes, evidence, and provide expert testimony in legal proceedings.
What information could be used to individualize a car? (That is, to say it was exactly one specific car)
Using information to detect patterns, conduct testing and interpret data means that a person has good...
You recover and sequence a DNA sample from a crime scene. What else is required to match it to a suspect?
What is the indirect transfer of fibres called?
Check all of the reasons for committing a crime.
The original location of a crime or accident.
In a crime scene sketch, there should always be an arrow to show which way is
Which is the most common mineral found in sand?
State the Product Rule and explain how it applies to the comparison of physical evidence.
Fiberglass is a fiber form of:
Forensic science is defined as "the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a medical system.
True or False: crime scene reconstruction may corroborate or contradict an eyewitness account.
The most common type of regenerated fiber, which is derived from cellulose and is mostly plant in origin, is rayon.
An alternate location where additional evidence has been found.
The crime scene must be preserve and account for all the evidence left by the suspect. A crime scene sketch is a required part of an investigation.
How do insects help solve crimes?
PPE stands for...
This type of reasoning is used to draw conclusions from evidence
________________ lab – where evidence is processed revealing facts about the crime.
Two methods that can analyze fibers without damaging them are:
This type of force resist motion between two surfaces that are pressed together
True or False: physical evidence may not give a direct sequence of events for crime scene reconstruction, but is crucial for providing details regarding the crime.
The rougher the surface, the faster an object will travel over the surface.
Define individual characteristics and give 2 examples.
A forensic scientist will ask questions about:
The OLDEST forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the:
A disadvantage of manufactured fibers is that they can deteriorate in bright sunlight and melt at a lower temperature than natural fibers.
Consists of the laws passed by the legislature. For the federal government, the acts passed by the United States Congress. These acts are designated as Public Laws or Private Laws.
Sliding friction is when two _____________ surfaces slide over one another.
What type of evidence is DNA?
True or False: Technology surrounding the forensic sciences has evolved to the point that an examiner can assign approximate probability values to the comparison of most class physical evidence.
Bite marks found on the victim can be used as evidence to find the culprit. Which of the below characteristics would help in the investigation for bite marks. Choose any of the correct answers below
How did the Amanda Knox case tie into the Physical Evidence unit?
Ruling by the court that said "an expert opinion is admissible if the scientific technique on which the opinion is based is “generally accepted” as reliable in the relevant scientific community". Gave no real direction; acceptability determined by jury.
Locard's exchange principle states that "With ____________, there is a trace".
Fibers are woven into textiles or fabrics.
What is the purpose of identification?
A bill of indictment found by a grand jury to be supported by sufficient evidence to justify the hearing of a case.
In order for evidence to be allowed into court, it must be ruled as _____ and material.
What is the name of the organic material found within soil?
One seed fiber is:
Polyester has properties similar to nylon except it is easily broken down by light and concentrated acid.
Forensic science is the application of science to ________
A person who has information or knowledge about an event and can give a first-hand description of the event because they were present.
Which individual contributed knowledge to the forensic characterization of blood:
A set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they comply with the judicial process. It is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required.
How to identify the investigator direct witnesse?
How many pictures should be taken of each piece of evidence at a crime scene?
The ability to establish the exact whereabouts of an item of evidence and under whose control it was from its collection at the crime scene to its presentation in the courtroom and everywhere in between is called
When fibers are transferred directly from victim to suspect or suspect to victim, this is called:
An arrangement between prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence or an agreement to drop other charges.
D is what kind of pattern?
The processing that occurs when one arrives at the jail or holding facility. This process entails taking fingerprints, taking photo (also known as the “mug shot”), and gathering all pertinent personal information like name, date of birth, address and place of employment.
The powerpoint gives this as an example of physical evidence
Using any or all of your 5 senses to collect information is called an ___________________.
_____________________ aims to see how facts fit into the crime scenario
Humans have different teeth present in the mouth. Can you choose the correct answer below:
A small molecule that may bond to other monomers to become a polymer is a:
All evidence gathered at a crime scene must be
What force holds the planets in motion around the sun?
Early collection of fibers in an investigation is critical. Within 24 hours, an estimated ____ percent of all fibers may have fallen from a victim or been lost from a crime scene.
Swimming fish experience-
Which of the following is an example of friction that is helpful?
The number of threads that are packed together for any given amount of fabric is known as _______ ________.
PPE includes....
What type of evidence is shoe size?
What are the responsibilities of a later responder?
Forensic scientists examine a loose hair, and are able to determine its color and thickness, but are not able to extract DNA. Which type of evidence is this?
What is the first "S" in the 7 S's of Crime Scene Investigation?
Synthetic polymer fibers, which all originate with petroleum products, are cellulose-based fibers.
What is the difference between class and individual evidence?
This can also be used to collect evidence at a crime scene.
Which of the following is NOT an example of physical evidence?
A is...
Any physical location in which a crime has occurred or is suspected of having occurred.
Calculate the probability (%) of a suspect having all 3 factors in their genetic profile:vWA 14,19: 6.2%D21S11 30,30: 3.9%D13S317 12,12: 8.5%
All plant fibers share the common polymer that is:
Deductive Reasoning can best be described as....
Something that is known or proven to be true.
Wheels of a shopping cart experience-
A material that can be related to a SINGLE source.
when securing a crime scene the two most important factors are to
Which of the following is not one of the seven S's of crime scene investigation?
This person applies scientific techniques in a laboratory to identify, analyze, and interpret physical evidence from a crime scene, and testify objectively about their findings in court.
Fibers that have been spun together are called
How did the Wayne Williams case tie into the Physical Evidence unit?
In general, eyewitness evidence is MORE accurate than direct evidence left at the crime scene (fingerprints, fibers, etc.)
Paper bindle
The transfer of evidence such as a fiber from a source to a person, then to another person, is called:
What determines our characteristics?
What is a Force?
Trace evidence is evidence that is:
The examination of physical evidence by a forensic scientist is usually undertaken for:
What is one example of physical, circumstantial evidence that you were present in this room?
Which of the following would be trace evidence?
Why can we separate the rock and salt from a mixture of rock-salt in water?
True or False: Generally speaking, the chance of an investigator finding physical evidence possessing individual characteristics is far greater than finding class physical evidence.
The requirement in criminal law that police have adequate reason to arrest someone, conduct a search, or seize property relating to an alleged crime. This requirement comes from the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
The powerpoint gives this as an example of biological evidence. Either one will work.
Individual evidence
Wheels on a skateboard most likely experiences-
When a person comes in contact with an object or another person, a ___________________ of physical material can occur
What is one example of direct evidence that you were in this room?
______________ evidence - Testimony by a witness about what that witness saw, heard, or did. Video recording of the crime
All of the following are basic services provided by "full-service crime laboratories" except:
An example would be a blood sample from the victim used to compare to blood found on a suspect's knife.
Define class characteristics and give 2 examples.
Identical twins have identical fingerprints.
Calculate the probability (%) of a suspect having all 3 factors in their genetic profile:CSF1PO 9,10: 11.2%D18S51 14,17: 2.8%D8S1179 17,18: 6.7%
What is the purpose of chromatography?
A basic function of a forensic scientist includes:
If these teams are pulling with the same amount of force what will happen?
Evidence that places someone at the scene of a crime is ALWAYS what type of evidence?
Define the "Locard's Principle."
This evidence can be traced to a single source.
Who is responsible for taking pictures at a crime scene?
Which is NOT trace evidence?
The body of law that regulates the operation and procedures of government agencies. (IRS, Military, ect.)
Which discipline does not fall under the umbrella of forensic science:
Crime scene reconstruction uses _______ to recreate the likely sequence of events from an incident.
Every person's fingerprints are _____________
A suspect is accused of robbing a convenience store. Which of the following evidence would be circumstantial?
Lithium burns with what colour of flame?
Which of these is not a type of soil texture
A formal accusation against someone who is suspected of committing a serious crime, filed after the conclusion of a grand jury investigation.
A fingerprint could be which of the following types of evidence?
Maintaining a ______ _____ _______ log is essential to present credible evidence in court.
In a crime scene the forensic scientist must wear protective equipment as shown in the picture. Which of the following is correct:
The job of a forensic science is to________ evidence from the crime scene and to __________ this evidence in the lab in order to find the possible culprit. Type "and" between the words in your answer.
The United States is one of the only a handful of countries in the world that have created and maintained forensic facilities.
Evidence that only exists for a short period of time is what type of evidence?
When collecting soil evidence, it is important to collect at least _____ tablespoons of soil
Who is the CAKE CULPRIT?
A person's INTERPRETATION or understanding of people, events, situations and how they view the world is called ______________.
Which of the following would be considered transient evidence?
Forces that have a net force of zero Newtons
Small glass fragment of a jar that can't be put back together, is this consider class or individual evidence?
The weight or significance of physical evidence in a courtroom is left to the ______ to determine.
A is what kind of pattern?
Someone claims to have seen a pickpocket grab a wallet, and gives a physical description of her. What type(s) of evidence is this?
crime-scene investigation
Which of the 4 types of sand is the most common?
Forensic Scientists are able to extract both the blood type and the DNA from a blood sample. Which type of evidence is this?
The examination of bitemark evidence and its relation to a criminal investigation is known as:
When forces are going in the opposite direction of each other you should do what do find the net force
Until the nineteenth century, only plant or animal fibers were used to make clothing and textiles. Half the fibers produced today are synthetic. They are categorized as:
The written record of a crime scene photograph includes all of the following EXCEPT
What is Locard’s Exchange Principle?
An eye witness' testimony can be affected by...
Any "lesser" criminal act in some common law legal systems. Generally punished less severely than more serious felonies, but theoretically more so than administrative infractions and regulatory offences. Many are punished with monetary fines.
A ____________ is a push or a pull on an object.
A French criminologist, the pioneer in forensic science who became known as the "Sherlock Holmes of France". He formulated the basic principle of forensic science: "Every contact leaves a trace".
What are the best possible conditions to finding fresh gravesites? Why are these conditions ideal? Hint: think about the weather conditions and elevation
A view or judgment someone has about something or someone that is NOT necessarily based on fact. This is called an ________________.
How did the Forensic Files: Bad Blood episode tie into the Physical Evidence unit?
True or False: objects that are smooth have LESS friction than objects that are rough
Trace evidence
What are the techniques used in a laboratory after collecting evidence?
A crime sufficiently serious to be punishable by death or a term in state or federal prison. A crime carrying a minimum term of one year or more in state prison, since a year or less can be served in county jail. Sometimes referred to as "high crimes" as described in the U.S. Constitution.
How many techniques do they use in the laboratory ?
Friction is an example of _____________
Calculate the probability (%) of a suspect having all 3 factors in their genetic profile:FGA 24,24: 3.6%TH01 6,8: 8.1%D16S539 11,12: 8.9%
What initially happens when a body is buried in soil? (cadaver decomposition island (CDI)
When evidence can be associated only with a group and never a single source, that evidence is said to possess:
True or False: a database applicable to DNA profiling is CODIS.
Which of the following would not be at the crime scene?
This type of law consists of the laws passed by the legislature. For the federal government, the acts passed by the United States Congress. These acts are designated as Public Laws or Private Laws.
Most items of physical evidence retrieved at crime scene:
What are the two types of crime scenes?
A person who is permitted to testify at a trial because of special knowledge or proficiency in a particular field that is relevant to the case.
As decomposition continues what then happens to the soil?
B is...
What is a comparison analysis?
the first responding police officer should keep a record of anyone who enters or leave the crime scene. This is called
A group of citizens empowered by law to conduct legal proceedings and investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought or not.
Maintaining a ____________________________ log is essential to present credible evidence in court
The premise in which Locard's Exchange Principle is based is that every criminal can be connected to a _______ by dust particles carried from the crime scene.
A court proceeding at which a criminal defendant is formally advised of the charges against him and is asked to enter a plea to the charges. In many states, the court may also decide whether the defendant will be released pending trial.
Natural plant fibers are produced from:
True or False: Physical evidence is usually examined by a forensic scientist to determine the identity of the offender of the crime.
Which form of evidence can be associated with a group?
A type of friction that occurs when air pushes against a moving object causing it to decelerate.
If both forces are going in the same direction you should______ those forces
Fingerprints can be lifted from carpeting.
Personnel must maintain chain of custody records to include: final disposal authority of evidence, final disposal action of evidence, witness to destruction of evidence.
The simplest weave pattern is the plain, or ___________, weave
C is what kind of pattern? Only give one answer, either will work.
Chromatography is
What where the two factors that Luciano Posada Garcia Said?
Check all that have crime labs:
The legal rights of an arrested person to have an attorney and to refuse to answer questions.
Which of the following would be considered physical evidence?
What are the responsibilities of a first responder?
Sally experiences-
When we rub our hands together _________.
In 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the Frye v. United States precedent is an absolute prerequisted to the admissibility of scientific evidence.
Which type of evidence (if true) involves stating a suspect committed the crime?
Fibers are classified as either:
Chain of custody
Flax is the most common stem fiber, and is most commonly found in the textile, _________.
Natural fibers come from:
A rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony. The trial judge serves as the gatekeeper who determines whether an expert’s evidence is deemed reputable and relevant.
Scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime.
A legal term that comes from the Latin phrase for "I do not wish to contend". It is also referred to as a plea of no contest.
What is forensic science?
"Every contact leaves a trace." This is known as _____
In a crime scene sketch, to show where a dead body or weapon is located, one should measure and draw the distance from the evidence
What is the unit to MEASURE force?
What is the difference between direct and circumstantial evidence?
Which of the following is not an optional service, which maybe provided by a full-service crime laboratory?
How does a body affect the soil when buried directly in soil?
Applying science concepts and skills to matters of the law is the definition of which of the following?
Fiber evidence is gathered with:
How did the Scott Peterson case tie into the Physical Evidence unit?
Weave patterns have names like tabby, twill and ___________.
The first system of personal identification was fingerprinting.
Circumstantial evidence is also called what?
The chain of custody begins:
B is what kind of pattern?
Study of the material can determine the nature and ___________________ of the transfer (or struggle)
Manila is a fiber extracted from the leaves of ______, a relative of the banana tree.
What is turnaround time?
What charges NOT did Elizabeth have?
Forensic Science is
Do most soil samples contain a mixture of all 3 soil types?
What is the name of the first criminalist women
Rough surfaces have _________
Friction is a force that acts in an ___________ direction of movement.
Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty is/are:
Which of these materials do you predict would have the MOST amount of friction?
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